Sources, gastrointestinal absorption and stereo-selective and tissue-specific accumulation of Dechlorane Plus (DP) in chicken

Accumulation of Dechlorane Plus flame retardant in terrestrial passerines from a nature reserve in South China: The influences of biological and chemical variables

“…This result suggests that the DP burdens in the current terrestrial passerines could be driven by the accumulation of syn-DP. This is contrary to the findings in several terrestrial avian studies where the DP burden seems to be substantially driven by the preferential accumulation of anti-DP Zheng et al, 2014;Sun et al, 2012). Species-specific and dose-dependent absorption, deposition, or excretion of the DP isomers may account for the observed discrepancy.…”

Sources and environmental behaviors of Dechlorane Plus and related compounds — A review

“…Therefore, these two hypotheses are still needed to be confirmed. DP dechlorination products were commonly reported in biota including human tissues, the levels were generally much lower than those of DP (Ben et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2011Chen et al, , 2013aGuerra et al, 2011;Mo et al, 2013;Muñoz-Arnanz, et al, 2011Peng et al, 2012Peng et al, , 2014Sun et al, 2012;Yan et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2011b;Zheng et al, 2010Zheng et al, , 2014. However, an extremely high level was observed in a fresh water food web around DP facility in Huai'an, China, where the concentrations of anti-Cl 10 -DP and anti-Cl 11 -DP was 84.4 ng g −1 lw and 1030 ng g −1 lw, respectively .The dechlorinated products of DP in biota were mainly attributed to accumulation from the external habitat environment rather than internal metabolism, although the gender difference observed in some cases suggested that anti-Cl 11 -DP in the human body may be partly formed from in vivo dechlorination of the anti-isomer (Yan et al, 2012).…”

Dechlorinated Analogues of Dechlorane Plus

“…Dechlorinated DP species were first discovered in the environment in 2008 by Sverko et al Since then, DP derivatives with fewer than 12 chlorines have been observed worldwide in air, sediments, ,− sewage sludge, , seawater, marine ,,,,,, and terrestrial ,, biota, bird eggs, , human serum , and hair, , placental tissue, breast milk, and dust. , The ubiquitous presence of these related compounds in environmental samples is troubling given that research has shown some degradation products to be more toxic than a parent compound, as is the case for the hydrodechlorinated analogues of the chlorinated pesticides aldrin and mirex …”

“…Halogenated compounds may sustain physical, chemical, biological, or photochemical degradation leading to dehalogenated derivatives . The general concensus on finding dechlorinated DP derivatives in animals (marine or terrestrial) has been that they were not the result of metabolism but were likely already present in the environment prior to uptake. ,− ,,,, One exception to this trend has been reported for the northern snakehead, which had significantly higher ratios of anti - endo -Cl 11 -DP (aCl11DP) in the liver compared to muscle tissues, suggesting hepatic dechlorination of anti -DP . As previously mentioned, DP is synthesized industrially by the Diels–Alder cycloaddition of HCCP with 1,5-COD, and therefore, any pentachloro- or tetrachloro- impurities in the HCCP reagent could result in contamination of DP with derivatives containing fewer than 12 chlorines.…”