Sources and health effects of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles in an urban environment

Groma, Veronika; Alföldy, Bálint; Börcsök, Endre; Czömpöly, Ottó; Füri, Péter; Kéri, Annamária; Kovács, Gabriella; Török, Szabina; Osán, János

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2021.101302

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…As a result, we could also obtain information about the ultrafine size range that, to the best of our knowledge, had not been studied so far. The particle size distribution associated the virus is important, since the lung deposition probability has a minimum at around 400 nm, alveolar deposition increases with decreasing particle diameter 67 . As fine (PM 1 ) particles can reach the alveolar surface, they might cause direct alveolar infection with highly contagious pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distribution and relationship of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA to indoor aerosol in hospital ward environments

Groma

Kugler

Farkas

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Aerosol particles proved to play a key role in airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Therefore, their size-fractionated collection and analysis is invaluable. However, aerosol sampling in COVID departments is not straightforward, especially in the sub-500-nm size range. In this study, particle number concentrations were measured with high temporal resolution using an optical particle counter, and several 8 h daytime sample sets were collected simultaneously on gelatin filters with cascade impactors in two different hospital wards during both alpha and delta variants of concern periods. Due to the large number (152) of size-fractionated samples, SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies could be statistically analyzed over a wide range of aerosol particle diameters (70–10 µm). Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 RNA is most likely to exist in particles with 0.5–4 µm aerodynamic diameter, but also in ultrafine particles. Correlation analysis of particulate matter (PM) and RNA copies highlighted the importance of indoor medical activity. It was found that the daily maximum increment of PM mass concentration correlated the most with the number concentration of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the corresponding size fractions. Our results suggest that particle resuspension from surrounding surfaces is an important source of SARS-CoV-2 RNA present in the air of hospital rooms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Size distribution and relationship of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA to indoor aerosol in hospital ward environments

Groma

Kugler

Farkas

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…The main natural sources of primary particles are wind-blown desert dust, sea spray, and wildfires (EEA, 2012;Viana et al, 2014). Anthropogenic sources include fuel combustion associated with power generation, residential heating and vehicles, tire, brake and road wear from traffic, dust resuspension by traffic, biomass burning and industrial activities (Bonvalot et al, 2019;Groma et al, 2022;Piscitello et al, 2021). There are also secondary aerosols formed from the reaction of gaseous precursors generating low-volatility products, such as sulfuric acid and high-molecular weight organics, that nucleate to form new particles (Dawson et al, 2012;Nault et al, 2021;Zhang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local versus Regional Contributions to PM10 Levels in the Western Mediterranean

Clemente,

Galindo,

Nicolás

et al. 2023

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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In this study, PM10 daily samples were collected every day during approximately one month in winter and one month in summer, 2019. Sampling was performed simultaneously at two different locations: an urban traffic site (~80 m a.s.l.) and a regional background station (~1500 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean. The objective of this work was to investigate PM10 sources at both sites in order to determine regional and urban contributions to aerosol levels. Seven factors were obtained at both sites using Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF): Saharan dust, Aged sea salt, Ammonium sulfate, Nitrate, Road traffic, Local dust and Fresh sea salt. At the urban site, the contribution of vehicle related sources (Road traffic, Nitrate and Local dust) was significantly higher in winter (~80%) than in summer (~60%). The average contribution of Saharan dust to PM10 levels was much larger at the mountain site (33%) than at the urban location (9%), due to the absence of significant anthropogenic emission sources in the vicinity of the regional background sampling station.

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“…In 2022, PM emissions from road traffic were one of the main emission sources in Europe. Compared to emissions from biomass burning for residential heating, emissions from transport significantly affect air quality in urban areas [ 9 ]. Epidemiological studies suggest that traffic emissions have an adverse effect on health [ 10 ], particularly among commuters (drivers and car passengers) and pedestrians [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Work-Related Personal Exposure to Aerosol Particles

Davulienė

Khan

Šemčuk

et al. 2022

Toxics

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The effects of air pollution on the general public received much attention recently. Personal exposure and deposition fraction of aerosol particles were studied in Vilnius, Lithuania, focusing on individuals working in an office and driving to work. Aerosol monitoring in the urban background was found to give an indication of the minimum concentrations of particulate matter (PM) expected at urban roads, as these correspond to the lowest PM concentrations measured there. In March 2021, PM2.5 concentrations at the urban background monitoring station reached values above the annual limit of 5 μg/m3 the World Health Organization in 50% of cases. Our study shows significant differences in exposure to air pollution in a car cabin and in a modern office. According to the multiple-path particle dosimetry model, the exposure of the person in the office is about 14 times lower than driving a car, where the minute deposition dose for PM1 is 0.072 µg/min for the period when the PM2.5 concentration in the urban background reaches 10 µg/m³. Compared to the PM2.5 mass concentration at the urban background station, the mean PM2.5 concentration in the vehicle reaches values that are 2–3 times higher. During the working day, when driving takes less than 10% of the time considered (commuting plus working), PM exposure during driving accounts for about 80% of the PM exposure caused by PM concentration in the office.

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Sources and health effects of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles in an urban environment

Cited by 17 publications

References 46 publications

Size distribution and relationship of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA to indoor aerosol in hospital ward environments

Size distribution and relationship of airborne SARS-CoV-2 RNA to indoor aerosol in hospital ward environments

Local versus Regional Contributions to PM10 Levels in the Western Mediterranean

Evaluation of Work-Related Personal Exposure to Aerosol Particles

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