Source water distribution and quantification of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water in the Atlantic Ocean

Ferreira, Maria Luiza de Carvalho; Kerr, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2017.04.003

Cited by 47 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…In the North Atlantic, the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) transports tropical and subtropical warm waters poleward in its upper limb (i.e., depths < 1,000 m), while newly formed cold and salty North Atlantic Deep Water is transported southward in its lower limb (depths > 1,000 m; e.g., Talley et al, 2011). The North Atlantic Deep Water is primarily composed of water masses formed in the high-latitude regions, including Labrador Sea Water (LSW), Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water, and Denmark Strait Overflow Water (e.g., Curry et al, 2003;Ferreira & Kerr, 2017;Pickart, 1992). The primary conduit of this deep limb of the AMOC is the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) that carries, among other water masses, LSW from its site of formation to midlatitudes along the western boundary (e.g., Bryden et al, 2005;Stramma et al, 2004;Toole et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interior Pathways of Labrador Sea Water in the North Atlantic From the Argo Perspective

Biló

Johns

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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The pathways and transports of Labrador Sea Water (LSW) within the southward‐flowing lower limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation are studied using 12 years of Argo profiles and subsurface Argo drift data. Consistent with previous studies, the results show clear evidence for interior pathways of LSW that separate from the western boundary near the Grand Banks and flow eastward and then southward around a large‐scale deep anticyclonic gyre in the northern subtropical Atlantic. Most of the LSW exported into the interior recirculates in the Newfoundland Basin (9.3 ± 3.5 Sv). However, approximately 3.2 ± 0.4 Sv cross the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge and flow southward east of the Azores. This branch feeds a westward quasi‐zonal pathway that recrosses the Ridge and returns to the western boundary around 30°N.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interior Pathways of Labrador Sea Water in the North Atlantic From the Argo Perspective

Biló

Johns

2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…1), the source region of the main AABW regional variety exported to the global ocean (e.g. Orsi et al, 2002;Kerr et al, 2012a;van Seville et al, 2013;Ferreira and Kerr, 2017). The first one was proposed by Foster and Carmack (1976a) after intensive studies in the Weddell Sea during the 1970s (e.g., Carmack, 1974;Carmack andFoster, 1975a, 1975b;Foster and Carmack, 1976b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dotted white arrows depict deep and bottom water circulation and water masses exporting the Weddell Basin. This figure was sketched according to the studies of Gordon et al (2001), von Gyldenfeldt et al (2002, Fahrbach et al (2011), and Ferreira and Kerr (2017). See Table 1 for the sections occupation periods between 1984 and 2014.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three decades of deep water mass investigation in the Weddell Sea (1984–2014): Temporal variability and changes

Kerr

Dotto

Mata

et al. 2018

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Running title: Weddell deep waters variability Highlights  Shifts in Weddell Sea Bottom Water (WSBW) properties towards less dense varieties likely equate to less WSBW being produced over time.  The decline of WSBW volume ceased around 2005 and likely recovering after that.  Dense Shelf Waters drive and modulate the recent WSBW variability.  WSBW is composed by 71% of Warm Deep Water and 29% of Dense Shelf Waters.

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“…The first mechanism is through (i) a complex interaction of deep and shelf waters and starts with deep waters, originally formed in the North Atlantic, being transported to the south through the AMOC (Ferreira and Kerr, 2017). During transport, the deep water changes properties and along the way forms Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) as it enters the Southern Ocean (e.g., Talley, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On deep convection events and Antarctic Bottom Water formation in ocean reanalysis products

2017

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Abstract. Open ocean deep convection is a common source of error in the representation of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation in ocean general circulation models. Although those events are well described in non-assimilatory ocean simulations, the recent appearance of a massive open ocean polynya in the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Phase II reanalysis product (ECCO2) raises questions on which mechanisms are responsible for those spurious events and whether they are also present in other state-of-the-art assimilatory reanalysis products. To investigate this issue, we evaluate how three recently released high-resolution ocean reanalysis products form AABW in their simulations. We found that two of the products create AABW by open ocean deep convection events in the Weddell Sea that are triggered by the interaction of sea ice with the Warm Deep Water, which shows that the assimilation of sea ice is not enough to avoid the appearance of open ocean polynyas. The third reanalysis, My Ocean University Reading UR025.4, creates AABW using a rather dynamically accurate mechanism. The UR025.4 product depicts both continental shelf convection and the export of Dense Shelf Water to the open ocean. Although the accuracy of the AABW formation in this reanalysis product represents an advancement in the representation of the Southern Ocean dynamics, the differences between the real and simulated processes suggest that substantial improvements in the ocean reanalysis products are still needed to accurately represent AABW formation.

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Source water distribution and quantification of North Atlantic Deep Water and Antarctic Bottom Water in the Atlantic Ocean

Cited by 47 publications

References 85 publications

Interior Pathways of Labrador Sea Water in the North Atlantic From the Argo Perspective

Interior Pathways of Labrador Sea Water in the North Atlantic From the Argo Perspective

Three decades of deep water mass investigation in the Weddell Sea (1984–2014): Temporal variability and changes

On deep convection events and Antarctic Bottom Water formation in ocean reanalysis products

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