Source‐sink limitations for grain weight in wheat and barley under waterlogging conditions during pre‐anthesis

Abstract

In wheat and barley, grain yield is strongly affected by waterlogging, especially during the period immediately previous to anthesis. Although waterlogging reduces grain yield mainly by reductions in grain number, mean grain weight (MGW) is also frequently reduced. The aim of this work was to determine whether increases in the source-sink ratio produces smaller reductions in MGW due to waterlogging in wheat and barley. Two experiments were carried out combining a waterlogging condition 20 days pre-anthesis, two soil N conditions at sowing and source-sink manipulations during grain-filling (untrimmed or 50% trimmed spikes). Waterlogging reduced MGW in both species up to 35% in wheat and 44% in barley. The negative effect of waterlogging on MGW was intensified with warmer temperatures and higher atmospheric demand. Increases in the source-sink ratio during the grain-filling period (by trimming treatments) showed a positive impact on MGW in wheat (up to 40%) and barley (up to 20%) under waterlogging conditions. For both species, grain weight response to increases in source-sink ratio was higher at lower grain weight and/or spike hierarchies (i.e. spikes from tillers). Our results showed that waterlogging during pre-anthesis affected grain weight through a reduction in the source during grain-filling and a possible impact on potential grain weight, depending on the intensity of the stress.

Transgenerational memory of the effect of drought stress on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield

“…On the other hand, variations in grain weight in response to drought were slight. Wheat grain weight is a highly stable trait (Sadras and Slafer 2012), which is only reduced by abiotic stresses under conditions of extreme source limitation (Becheran et al 2022) and with scarce variations among genotypes compared to the number of grains per m 2 (Slafer et al 2022).…”

Waterlogging tolerance of winter crops: Root mass density and canopy dynamics

“…As examples, wheat growing in lysimeters showed reductions of 20% and 50% of controls in aboveground and root DW after 1 week of waterlogging at tillering (Shao et al., 2013). Barley cultivated in containers waterlogged for 3 weeks at four‐leaf stage presented losses of 22% in aboveground DW (average of two genotypes; Luan et al., 2018), together with losses in grain weight equivalent to 64% of controls in barley waterlogged at pre‐flowering for 20 days (Becheran et al., 2022). Waterlogging for 3 weeks at rosette stages in oilseed rape growing in containers halved the root DW and decreased aboveground DW by 21% of controls (Leul & Zhou, 1998).…”