Source Rock Evaluation of The Eocene Shales in the Gökçesu Area (Bolu/Turkey)

Abstract

Hydrocarbon potential of oil shale samples from the Gökçesu basin in Bolu, Turkey, was evaluated on the basis of organic geochemical, organic petrographic, gas chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography techniques. Organic materials were found to be oil-producing type (Type I and II kerogen). Thermal maturities, that indicate diagenetic and early mature oil formation stage, were determined with pyrolysis (Tmax), production index (PI), and spore color index (SCI) analyses. The amount of organic material ranging between 0.21 and 15.89% reveals that the unit has variable source rock potentials from weak to perfect. The productivity of the basin was probably high and organic matter preservation was enhanced by a stratified water column. As the basin began to fill with sediment and become shallower, TOC and HI values declined, as the basin water was better oxygenated and preservation conditions declined. On the basis of geologic data, organic geochemical analyses and organic petrographic studies, organic facies of Eocene shales is of AB and B types.

Kürnüç/Göynük-Bolu Sahasi Alt Eosen Bi̇tümlü Kayaçlarinin Depolanma Ortami Ve Organi̇k Jeoki̇myasal Karakteri̇sti̇kleri̇

“…In the vicinity of study area, the drilling explorations related to bituminous shales are conducted by MTA with the cooperation of Turkish Coal Enterprise (TKİ) and Turkish Petroleum Corporation (TPAO). Therefore; bituminous rocks around the study area has also been the subject of many investigators from the point of hydrocarbon and element enrichments view (Şeker and Kesgin, 1991;Sari and Sonel, 1995;Şener and Şengüler, 1998;Büyükutku et al, 2005;Sari and Aliyev, 2005;Aliyev et al, 2006;Sari et al, 2007;Kara and Korkmaz, 2008;Sari and Geze, 2008;Şengüler, 2012).…”

Organic Material and Trace Elements of Bituminous Rocks in the Ozanköy Field, Ankara, Turkey

“…Due to their high organic material content, the bituminous deposits in the area have been studied by many workers with respect to organic geochemical characteristics (Sonel et al, 1987;Sari and Sonel, 1995;Sari, 1999;Tekin and Sari, 2000;Sari et al, 2007). Due to their high organic material content, the bituminous deposits in the area have been studied by many workers with respect to organic geochemical characteristics (Sonel et al, 1987;Sari and Sonel, 1995;Sari, 1999;Tekin and Sari, 2000;Sari et al, 2007).…”

“…The bituminous shale has high organic material and element contents and was deposited under highly reducing conditions. Due to their high organic material content, the bituminous deposits in the area have been studied by many workers with respect to organic geochemical characteristics (Sonel et al, 1987;Sari and Sonel, 1995;Sari, 1999;Tekin and Sari, 2000;Sari et al, 2007).…”

Depositional Environment and Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Lower Eocene Bituminous Rocks, in the Kürnüç/Göynük-Bolu Area

“…Therefore; bituminous rocks around the study area has also been the subject of many investigators from the point of hydrocarbon and element enrichments view (Şeker and Kesgin, 1991;Sari and Sonel, 1995;Şener and Şengüler, 1998;Büyükutku et al, 2005;Sari and Aliyev, 2005;Aliyev et al, 2006;Sari et al, 2007;Kara and Korkmaz, 2008;Sari and Geze, 2008;Şengüler, 2012).…”