Source misalignment in multimode polymer tapered waveguides for optical backplanes

Rashed, Atef M.; Selviah, David R.

doi:10.1117/1.2432875

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The project has 7 more months to run before completion. In addition to the papers already cited, the partners, in this and in earlier projects, have fully disseminated the research as it was being performed via further published papers, conference talks, book chapters, visits to companies, universities, and to schools [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing

Selviah

2009

SPIE Proceedings

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The paper describes the research in the £1.3 million IeMRC Integrated Optical and Electronic Interconnect PCB Manufacturing (OPCB) Flagship Project in which 8 companies and 3 universities carry out collaborative research and which was formed and is technically led by the author. The consortium's research is aimed at investigating a range of fabrication techniques, some established and some novel, for fabricating polymer multimode waveguides from several polymers, some formulations of which are being developed within the project. The challenge is to develop low cost waveguide manufacturing techniques compatible with commercial PCB manufacturing and to reduce their alignment cost. The project aims to take the first steps in making this hybrid optical waveguide and electrical copper track printed circuit board disruptive technology widely available by establishing and incorporating waveguide design rules into commercial PCB layout software and transferring the technology for fabricating such boards to a commercial PCB manufacturer. To focus the research the project is designing an optical waveguide backplane to tight realistic constraints, using commercial layout software with the new optical design rules, for a demonstrator into which 4 daughter cards are plugged, each carrying an aggregate of 80 Gb/s data so that each waveguide carries 10 Gb/s.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing

Selviah

2009

SPIE Proceedings

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“…It was used in this project to check the layout of waveguides and to make waveguide cross‐section measurements showing the benefits of cross‐disciplinary research and the benefit of having other concurrent projects. The following waveguide properties were characterised: the loss, the input/output misalignment tolerance ( x , y , z , θ ) (Papakonstantinou et al , 2008b; Baghsiahi et al , 2008; Rashed and Selviah, 2007), crosstalk (Figure 14(a)), near field and far field outputs for a range of waveguide components. These included bends (Papakonstantinou et al , 2007), tapered bends (a novel component) (Papakonstantinou et al , 2008a), crossings at various angles, waveguides of different lengths and widths, and arrays of waveguides with different separations.…”

Section: Waveguide Quality Test and Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical and electronic interconnect PCB manufacturing research

et al. 2010

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Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the research in a project aimed at developing manufacturing techniques for integrated optical and electronic interconnect printed circuit boards (OPCB) including the motivation for this research, the progress, the achievements and the interactions between the partners. Design/methodology/approach -Several polymer waveguide fabrication methods were developed including direct laser write, laser ablation and inkjet printing. Polymer formulations were developed to suit the fabrication methods. Computer-aided design (CAD) tools were developed and waveguide layout design rules were established. The CAD tools were used to lay out a complex backplane interconnect pattern to meet practical demanding specifications for use in a system demonstrator. Findings -Novel polymer formulations for polyacrylate enable faster writing times for laser direct write fabrication. Control of the fabrication parameters enables inkjet printing of polysiloxane waveguides. Several different laser systems can be used to form waveguide structures by ablation. Establishment of waveguide layout design rules from experimental measurements and modelling enables successful first time layout of complex interconnection patterns.Research limitations/implications -The complexity and length of the waveguides in a complex backplane interconnect, beyond that achieved in this paper, is limited by the bend loss and by the propagation loss partially caused by waveguide sidewall roughness, so further research in these areas would be beneficial to give a wider range of applicability. Originality/value -The paper gives an overview of advances in polymer formulation, fabrication methods and CAD tools, for manufacturing of complex hybrid-integrated OPCBs.

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“…Their experimental measurements of these waveguide components after fabrication, Figures 2 and 3, in various polymers using a range of fabrication techniques are compared to their computer modelled results to gain a detailed understanding of the physical behaviour of coherent light in multimode waveguides and so to establish design rules [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Figure 4 shows an example of the modelled field in a multimode waveguide bend.…”

Section: Waveguide Layout Modelling and Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optical and electronic interconnect printed circuit board manufacturing

et al. 2008

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Structured AbstractPurpose -to introduce the Innovative Electronics Manufacturing Research Centre (IeMRC) Flagship Project: Integrated Optical and Electronic Interconnect PCB Manufacturing (OPCB), its objectives, its consortium of 3 Universities and 10 companies and to describe the university research being carried out. This paper briefly reviews the motivation for developing novel polymer formulations, fabrication techniques, layout design rules and characterisation techniques for hybrid electronic and optical printed circuit boards using multimode polymer optical waveguide interconnects.Design/methodology/approach -We are investigating a number of different fabrication techniques which we compare with each other and with modelled calculations waveguide components. The fabrication techniques include photolithography, laser ablation, direct laser writing, embossing, extrusion and ink jet printing.Findings -A number of design rules for polymer multimode waveguides have been found and published. Techniques for ink jetting polymer to print waveguides and laser ablation techniques have been developed. New formulations of polymer which cure faster for direct writing have also been developed. Research limitations/implications-Further work is needed to thicken the ink jet printed polymer and to investigate side wall roughness of the ablated waveguides and development of new polymer formulations for dry film. Further research is also needed on construction of prototype system demonstrators.Practical Implications -the fabrication techniques being developed are designed to be transferred to industrial PCB manufacturers to enable them to make higher value optical printed circuit boards. The design rules being discovered are being entered into commercial PCB layout software to aid designers of optical printed circuit boards.Originality/value -The paper is of interest to PCB manufacturers who wish to upgrade their processes to be able to manufacture optical printed circuit boards. The university research is original and some published to date in the publications in the reference list.

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Source misalignment in multimode polymer tapered waveguides for optical backplanes

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing

Polymer multimode waveguide optical and electronic PCB manufacturing

Integrated optical and electronic interconnect PCB manufacturing research

Integrated optical and electronic interconnect printed circuit board manufacturing

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