Source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow across northern China

Zhang, R.; Hegg, D́ean A.; Huang, Jianping; Fu, Qiang

doi:10.5194/acp-13-6091-2013

Cited by 40 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Chýlek et al, 1983;Warren, 1984;Clarke and Noone, 1985;Warren and Clarke, 1990;Grenfell et al, 2002;Lee Taylor and Madronich, 2002;Jacobson, 2004;Flanner et al, 2007;Doherty et al, 2010;Reay et al, 2012;Ye et al, 2012;King, 2013, 2014). Field observations and modelling simulations have also shown that increases in dust deposition to snow lead to radiative forcing that affects the energy balance of snow (Woo and Dubreuil, 1985;Aoki et al, 1998;Painter et al, 2007Painter et al, , 2012Huang et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;Zhao et al, 2014;Yasunari et al, 2014). However, although anthropogenic deposits in polar snow and ice have been well characterised, studies on the effects of natural mineral aerosol deposits are more scarce.…”

Section: L Lamare Et Al: Mineral Aerosol Deposits On Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow & sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

2016

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Abstract. Knowledge of the albedo of polar regions is crucial for understanding a range of climatic processes that have an impact on a global scale. Light-absorbing impurities in atmospheric aerosols deposited on snow and sea ice by aeolian transport absorb solar radiation, reducing albedo. Here, the effects of five mineral aerosol deposits reducing the albedo of polar snow and sea ice are considered. Calculations employing a coupled atmospheric and snow/sea ice radiativetransfer model (TUV-snow) show that the effects of mineral aerosol deposits are strongly dependent on the snow or sea ice type rather than the differences between the aerosol optical characteristics. The change in albedo between five different mineral aerosol deposits with refractive indices varying by a factor of 2 reaches a maximum of 0.0788, whereas the difference between cold polar snow and melting sea ice is 0.8893 for the same mineral loading. Surprisingly, the thickness of a surface layer of snow or sea ice loaded with the same mass ratio of mineral dust has little effect on albedo. On the contrary, the surface albedo of two snowpacks of equal depth, containing the same mineral aerosol mass ratio, is similar, whether the loading is uniformly distributed or concentrated in multiple layers, regardless of their position or spacing. The impact of mineral aerosol deposits is much larger on melting sea ice than on other types of snow and sea ice. Therefore, the higher input of shortwave radiation during the summer melt cycle associated with melting sea ice accelerates the melt process.

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Section: L Lamare Et Al: Mineral Aerosol Deposits On Sea Icementioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow & sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

2016

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“…For the sites (e.g., 41-46) with those snow samples, the BC mass concentration in snow is not reported (Wang et al, 2013). More details about the measurements in the North China campaign can be found in Wang et al (2013) and Zhang et al (2013). For comparison between simulations and observations, model results are sampled at the observation sampling time at each site in January and February of 2010.…”

Section: Snow and Its Bc Content Data Setmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating black carbon and dust and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow: a case study over North China with field campaign measurements

et al. 2014

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Abstract.A state-of-the-art regional model, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model (Skamarock et al., 2008) coupled with a chemistry component (Chem) (Grell et al., 2005), is coupled with the snow, ice, and aerosol radiative (SNICAR) model that includes the most sophisticated representation of snow metamorphism processes available for climate study. The coupled model is used to simulate black carbon (BC) and dust concentrations and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow over North China in January-February of 2010, with extensive field measurements used to evaluate the model performance. In general, the model simulated spatial variability of BC and dust mass concentrations in the top snow layer (hereafter BCS and DSTS, respectively) are consistent with observations. The model generally moderately underestimates BCS in the clean regions but significantly overestimates BCS in some polluted regions. Most model results fall within the uncertainty ranges of observations. The simulated BCS and DSTS are highest with > 5000 ng g −1 and up to 5 mg g −1 , respectively, over the source regions and reduce to < 50 ng g −1 and < 1 µg g −1 , respectively, in the remote regions. BCS and DSTS introduce a similar magnitude of radiative warming (∼ 10 W m −2 ) in the snowpack, which is comparable to the magnitude of surface radiative cooling due to BC and dust in the atmosphere. This study represents an effort in using a regional modeling framework to simulate BC and dust and their direct radiative forcing in snowpack.Although a variety of observational data sets have been used to attribute model biases, some uncertainties in the results remain, which highlights the need for more observations, particularly concurrent measurements of atmospheric and snow aerosols and the deposition fluxes of aerosols, in future campaigns.

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“…Recently, several seasonal snow collection campaigns were performed across northern China, the Himalayas, North America, Greenland and the Arctic (Cong et al, 2015;Dang and Hegg, 2014;Doherty et al, 2010Doherty et al, , 2014Huang et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2009Xu et al, , 2012Zhao et al, 2014). However, determining the effects of ILAPs on snow albedo reduction continues to be challenging (Huang et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2013aWang et al, , 2015Ye et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations and model simulations of snow albedo reduction in seasonal snow due to insoluble light-absorbing particles during 2014 Chinese survey

et al. 2017

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Abstract. A snow survey was carried out to collect 13 surface snow samples (10 for fresh snow, and 3 for aged snow) and 79 subsurface snow samples in seasonal snow at 13 sites across northeastern China in January 2014. A spectrophotometer combined with chemical analysis was used to quantify snow particulate absorption by insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs, e.g., black carbon, BC; mineral dust, MD; and organic carbon, OC) in snow. Snow albedo was measured using a field spectroradiometer. A new radiative transfer model (Spectral Albedo Model for Dirty Snow, or SAMDS) was then developed to simulate the spectral albedo of snow based on the asymptotic radiative transfer theory. A comparison between SAMDS and an existing model -the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiation (SNICAR) -indicates good agreements in the model-simulated spectral albedos of pure snow. However, the SNICAR model values tended to be slightly lower than those of SAMDS when BC and MD were considered. Given the measured BC, MD, and OC mixing ratios of 100-5000, 2000-6000, and 1000-30 000 ng g −1 , respectively, in surface snow across northeastern China, the SAMDS model produced a snow albedo in the range of 0.95-0.75 for fresh snow at 550 nm, with a snow grain optical effective radius (R eff ) of 100 µm. The snow albedo reduction due to spherical snow grains assumed to be aged snow is larger than fresh snow such as fractal snow grains and hexagonal plate or column snow grains associated with the increased BC in snow. For typical BC mixing ratios of 100 ng g −1 in remote areas and 3000 ng g −1 in heavy industrial areas across northern China, the snow albedo for internal mixing of BC and snow is lower by 0.005 and 0.036 than that of external mixing for hexagonal plate or column snow grains with R eff of 100 µm. These results also show that the simulated snow albedos by both SAMDS and SNICAR agree well with the observed values at low ILAP mixing ratios but tend to be higher than surface observations at high ILAP mixing ratios.

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Source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow across northern China

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow & sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow & sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

Simulating black carbon and dust and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow: a case study over North China with field campaign measurements

Observations and model simulations of snow albedo reduction in seasonal snow due to insoluble light-absorbing particles during 2014 Chinese survey

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Source attribution of insoluble light-absorbing particles in seasonal snow across northern China

Cited by 40 publications

References 52 publications

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow &amp; sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow &amp; sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

Simulating black carbon and dust and their radiative forcing in seasonal snow: a case study over North China with field campaign measurements

Observations and model simulations of snow albedo reduction in seasonal snow due to insoluble light-absorbing particles during 2014 Chinese survey

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The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow & sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?

The impact of atmospheric mineral aerosol deposition on the albedo of snow & sea ice: are snow and sea ice optical properties more important than mineral aerosol optical properties?