2015
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418162112
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Sound representation in higher language areas during language generation

Abstract: How language is encoded by neural activity in the higher-level language areas of humans is still largely unknown. We investigated whether the electrophysiological activity of Broca's area correlates with the sound of the utterances produced. During speech perception, the electric cortical activity of the auditory areas correlates with the sound envelope of the utterances. In our experiment, we compared the electrocorticogram recorded during awake neurosurgical operations in Broca's area and in the dominant tem… Show more

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Cited by 59 publications
(38 citation statements)
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“…Fluency-related activations in unimodal and heteromodal association areas of the parietal and right temporal lobe, the right pars opercularis, and the posterior ventral part of right Broca's region strongly suggest an important role of internal models and feedforward-and feedback-relevant control mechanisms during speaking. In fluent speakers, lateralization of speech production seems to start in the left temporal and parietal regions [91], namely the somatosensory cortex, the auditor cortex, and the planum temporale which might be the source of the early sound feature-related cortical entrainment observed in left Broca's area and the left premotor cortex even ahead of external speech production [40]. Equivalent studies in stuttering are missing, leaving the question open as to whether right lateralization already occurs in the planning stage.…”
Section: Dti-the Left Dorsal Stream and Interhemispheric Somatosensormentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Fluency-related activations in unimodal and heteromodal association areas of the parietal and right temporal lobe, the right pars opercularis, and the posterior ventral part of right Broca's region strongly suggest an important role of internal models and feedforward-and feedback-relevant control mechanisms during speaking. In fluent speakers, lateralization of speech production seems to start in the left temporal and parietal regions [91], namely the somatosensory cortex, the auditor cortex, and the planum temporale which might be the source of the early sound feature-related cortical entrainment observed in left Broca's area and the left premotor cortex even ahead of external speech production [40]. Equivalent studies in stuttering are missing, leaving the question open as to whether right lateralization already occurs in the planning stage.…”
Section: Dti-the Left Dorsal Stream and Interhemispheric Somatosensormentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The timely sequencing and context-dependent binding of speech units are constantly monitored and adjusted by an effective sensorimotor integration [39]. Feedback-related control couples not only perception and production processes but also internal models that closely relate to the sound envelop of a corresponding utterance [40] possibly translating auditory targets into motor commands. For this reason, it is necessary to consider the output and input systems as well as internal models, interfaces, and monitors to comprehensively elucidate the neurobiology of stuttering.…”
Section: The Continuous Speech Streammentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Likewise, speech arrest during intraoperative stimulation mapping is much more probable in the ventral precentral gyrus than in Broca’s area (Tate et al, 2014). Recently, electrophysiological intraoperative recordings from two separate groups have shown that activity in Broca’s area precedes speech output by ~250 ms (Flinker et al, 2015; Magrassi et al, 2015) and that Broca’s area is involved in forming an articulatory plan rather than coordinating the articulators, which are supported by motor cortex (Figures 1D and 1E) (Flinker et al, 2015). These findings fit nicely with the data provided by Long et al (2016).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In fact, several studies have shown that infants, even pre-babblers, readily associate heard “words” with referents, and use these symbols to categorize objects or parts of objects (see Fulkerson and Waxman, 2007; Ferry et al, 2010, and for children of 12 months, MacKenzie et al, 2011). Interestingly, the reports also show that infants are less successful in forming symbolic associations when presented with sounds like intoned [mmm] or sounds that cannot be articulated, and instead attend to familiar speech (MacKenzie et al, 2011; Marno et al, 2015, 2016; and for evidence that activity in language areas of the brain are organized in terms of speech sounds, see Magrassi et al, 2015). This ability to acquire symbols is not distinctly human, as we noted, but communication by way of orally articulated signs is.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%