Sound propagation and speech transmission in a branching underground tunnel

Imaizumi, Hiroyuki; Kunimatsu, Sunao; Isei, Takehiro

doi:10.1121/1.429595

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…High-speed trains had longer τ 1 values, confirming the effects of countermeasures on aerodynamic noises. Underground trains had larger W ϕ(0) values than did above-ground normal speed trains, because low-frequency components attenuated less in the tunnel (Imaizumi et al 1997(Imaizumi et al , 2000. Underground trains had slightly shorter τ 1 values than did above-ground trains, meaning the major frequency component shifts from lower to higher frequency ranges by reflections in tunnels and agreeing with previous results .…”

Section: Effect Of Train Type and Noise Caused By Wheel-rail Interactionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Soeta

Ando

2015

Mathematics for Industry

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Aims & ScopeThe meaning of "Mathematics for Industry" (sometimes abbreviated as MI or MfI) is different from that of "Mathematics in Industry" (or of "Industrial Mathematics"). The latter is restrictive: it tends to be identified with the actual mathematics that specifically arises in the daily management and operation of manufacturing. The former, however, denotes a new research field in mathematics that may serve as a foundation for creating future technologies. This concept was born from the integration and reorganization of pure and applied mathematics in the present day into a fluid and versatile form capable of stimulating awareness of the importance of mathematics in industry, as well as responding to the needs of industrial technologies. The history of this integration and reorganization indicates that this basic idea will someday find increasing utility. Mathematics can be a key technology in modern society.The series aims to promote this trend by (1) providing comprehensive content on applications of mathematics, especially to industry technologies via various types of scientific research, (2) introducing basic, useful, necessary and crucial knowledge for several applications through concrete subjects, and (3) introducing new research results and developments for applications of mathematics in the real world. These points may provide the basis for opening a new mathematicsoriented technological world and even new research fields of mathematics.More information about this series at

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Section: Effect Of Train Type and Noise Caused By Wheel-rail Interactionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Soeta

Ando

2015

Mathematics for Industry

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“…However, the great majority of speech-in-noise recognition studies available in the literature thus far have concerned close listening conditions. There are few papers testing speech recognition with distance and they are mostly targeted at testing indoor environments such as classrooms [14] , halls [15] , or even tunnels [16] . Speech recognition with distance has recently sparked new scientific interest in the fast developing domain of indoor human-machine environments, where a whole set of sound capture techniques and algorithms of signal treatment have been developed for automatic speech recognition [17] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speech Recognition in Natural Background Noise

2013

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In the real world, human speech recognition nearly always involves listening in background noise. The impact of such noise on speech signals and on intelligibility performance increases with the separation of the listener from the speaker. The present behavioral experiment provides an overview of the effects of such acoustic disturbances on speech perception in conditions approaching ecologically valid contexts. We analysed the intelligibility loss in spoken word lists with increasing listener-to-speaker distance in a typical low-level natural background noise. The noise was combined with the simple spherical amplitude attenuation due to distance, basically changing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore, our study draws attention to some of the most basic environmental constraints that have pervaded spoken communication throughout human history. We evaluated the ability of native French participants to recognize French monosyllabic words (spoken at 65.3 dB(A), reference at 1 meter) at distances between 11 to 33 meters, which corresponded to the SNRs most revealing of the progressive effect of the selected natural noise (−8.8 dB to −18.4 dB). Our results showed that in such conditions, identity of vowels is mostly preserved, with the striking peculiarity of the absence of confusion in vowels. The results also confirmed the functional role of consonants during lexical identification. The extensive analysis of recognition scores, confusion patterns and associated acoustic cues revealed that sonorant, sibilant and burst properties were the most important parameters influencing phoneme recognition. . Altogether these analyses allowed us to extract a resistance scale from consonant recognition scores. We also identified specific perceptual consonant confusion groups depending of the place in the words (onset vs. coda). Finally our data suggested that listeners may access some acoustic cues of the CV transition, opening interesting perspectives for future studies.

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“…Imagine an environment in which certain phonemes are poorly transmitted, e.g. phonemes with high-frequency components in a tunnel with a T intersection (Imaizumi, Kunimatsu, & Isei, 2000). Individuals using those phonemes, all other things being equal, would be less likely to be imitated than those using alternate forms that are better transmitted.…”

Section: Simulating the Role Of Drift And Selection Pressures In Lingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chapter 11. The role of adaptation in understanding linguistic diversity

Lupyan

Dale

2015

Cognitive Linguistic Studies in Cultural Contexts

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languages spoken by people display a dazzling variety of sounds, word patterns, and grammatical forms. The dominant explanation for this diversity is that languages drift apart as communities separate. The accumulation of random changes eventually produces languages that are mutually unintelligible. We argue that in addition to this non-functional process of drift, language change and diversification can be explained in functional terms as adaptations to social, demographic, and ecological environments in which the languages are learned and used, a proposal we call the linguistic niche hypothesis. We support our position with a series of agent-based models that serve as an existence proof for why language diversity requires adaptation. We next discuss empirical evidence for a link between aspects of socio-demographic factors, ecological factors, and grammatical structure which strongly suggest adaptation to be at work. One mechanism we focus on is language learnability: while all languages need to be learnable by infants, only some languages are further constrained by adult learning biases. Thus, languages which for historical reasons have adult learners adapt to be more learnable by adults. As a result, languages spoken in larger and more heterogeneous environments in which adult language learning is more likely to take place tend to be grammatically simpler than languages spoken in small homogeneous environments. The linguistic niche hypothesis outlined in this chapter, while still in early stages, promises to shed light on longstanding questions such as why there are so many languages, and why they differ so substantially from one another.

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Sound propagation and speech transmission in a branching underground tunnel

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Neurally Based Measurement and Evaluation of Environmental Noise

Speech Recognition in Natural Background Noise

Chapter 11. The role of adaptation in understanding linguistic diversity

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