Soudanones A–G: Antifungal Isochromanones from the Ascomycetous Fungus <i>Cadophora</i> sp. Isolated from an Iron Mine

Rusman, Yudi; Held, Benjamin W.; Blanchette, Robert A.; Wittlin, Sergio; Salomon, Christine

doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00204

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Species in this genus have highly melanized hyphae and have been identified in many extreme environments like heavy metal contaminated sites [67], polar environments [16,34,67,68] deep sea hydrothermal vents [69], saline and acidic soils [70] and copper treated wood [71]. In a previous study of secondary metabolites from fungi, several new isochromanone compounds ("soudanones") with activity against Cryptococcus and Candida pathogens were characterized from a culture of Cadophora fastigiata that was isolated from wood with high copper from level 10 in the mine [72]. The presence of Cadophora species in these extreme environments indicates an adaptation to withstand high heavy metals and salts, cold temperature and other stress factors.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine

2020

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Mines and caves are unusual ecosystems containing unique fungi and are greatly understudied compared to other environments. The Soudan Mine in Tower, MN, an iron ore mine that closed in 1963 after operating for 80 years, was sampled to explore fungal diversity and to investigate taxa that tolerate heavy metals for potential bioprocessing technologies or as sources of bioactive molecules for drug discovery and possible biocontrol for white-nose syndrome (WNS) of bats. The mine is 714 m deep, has 18 levels and contains large quantities of wooden timbers, in contrast to many other oligotrophic subterranean environments. Fungi were cultured from samples and the ITS region was sequenced for identification and phylogenetic analysis. Results show Ascomycota are the dominant fungi followed by Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota. Out of 164 identified taxa, 108 belong to the Ascomycota and 26 and 31 to Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota, respectively. There are also 46 taxa that do not match (<97% BLAST GenBank identity) sequenced fungal species. Examples of the most commonly isolated Ascomycota include Scytalidium sp., Mariannaea comptospora, Hypocrea pachybasidioides, Oidiodendron griseum and Pochonia bulbillosa; Basidiomycota include Postia sp., Sistotrema brinkmannii, Calocera sp., Amylocorticiellum sp.; Mucoromycota include Mortierella parvispora, M. gamsii, M. hyaline, M. basiparvispora and Mortierella sp. Unusual growth forms were also found including large quantities of black rhizomorphs of Armillaria sinapina and white mycelial cords of Postia sp. mycelium, as well as Pseudogymnoascus species growing over large areas of mine walls and ceiling. The mine environment is a relatively extreme environment for fungi, with the presence of high levels of heavy metals, complete darkness and poor nutrient availability. Several genera are similar to those isolated in other extreme environments but phylogenetic analyses show differences in species between these environments. Results indicate this subterranean environment hosts a wide diversity of fungi, many of them not found in above ground environments.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine

2020

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“…In 2015, 19 , together with nine analogs of 17 and 18 , was reported from Ascomycetous fungus Cadophora sp. isolated from the Soudan Underground State Park Iron Mine in northern Minnesota and was found to inhibit Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans with MIC values at 30 and 40 μg/mL, respectively . In 2016, 19 was reported from endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolites from Two Dominant Thermophilic Fungal Species Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum

Yang

Zhang

Ding

et al. 2020

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum are among the most ubiquitous thermophilic fungi in compost and soil. Chemical study on these two prevalent strains collected from Yunnan led to isolation of 23 metabolites, including one new metabolite, therlanubutanolide, and 15 known compounds, isolated from the YGP culture broth of Thermomyces lanuginosus and 7 known compounds isolated from Scytalidium thermophilum, respectively. Therlanubutanolide shared the quite similar features of the same carbon skeleton and saturation as natural hexadecanoic acids. This was the first reported discovery of such a lactone as natural occurring metabolite. All the compounds were reported for the first time from thermophilic fungi. Among them, N-[(2S,3R,4E,8E)-1,3-dihydroxy-9-methyloctadeca-4,8-dien-2-yl]acetamide was for the first time reported to be a naturally occurring metabolite and its NMR data was first provided in this study. A type of PKS-derived metabolites, three 3,4-dihydronaphthalen-1(2H)-ones, which were widely found in plant pathogenic fungi as phytotoxins and reported to have antimicrobial activity, were obtained from both dominant thermophilic fungi. The frequent occurrence of such PKS phytotoxins in these two thermophilic fungi might suggest particular ecological interest.

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“…A Cadophora fungus has been shown to produce isochromanones with antimicrobial activity (Rusman et al . 2015, 2018), and the isolate Cadophora sp. DSE1049 might be a good candidate for the production of antifungal compounds as in the dual cultures alterations in hyphal growth (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential interaction of the dark septate endophyte Cadophora sp. and fungal pathogens in vitro and in planta

Yakti

Kovács

Franken

2019

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) present a group of widespread root-colonizing fungi. The role of these endophytes in ecosystems and their interactions with plant pathogens are not well understood. In the current study, we assessed the antagonistic potential of the model DSE Cadophora sp. against the tomato soilborne pathogens Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium aphanidermatum and Verticillium dahliae. To investigate their interactions, we conducted in vitro assays followed by a greenhouse experiments in which tomato plants were inoculated with different combinations of the DSE and pathogens. RNA accumulation of selected tomato pathogenesis-related genes and of Cadophora sp. genes with putative antifungal function was analyzed. Cadophora sp. inhibited the growth of the fungal pathogens in vitro and vice versa; a negative impact of the pathogens on the growth of the DSE was also detected. In roots, however, this mutual negative interaction could not be observed. Expression analyses of plant genes could not explain this differential effect, but among the Cadophora sp. genes analyzed, a gene coding for a chalcone synthase was downregulated in planta. The data indicate that plants can change the interaction between fungi and, therefore, in vitro detected antagonism does not necessarily reflect the situation inside the plant.

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Soudanones A–G: Antifungal Isochromanones from the Ascomycetous Fungus Cadophora sp. Isolated from an Iron Mine

Cited by 28 publications

References 20 publications

Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine

Diverse subterranean fungi of an underground iron ore mine

Metabolites from Two Dominant Thermophilic Fungal Species Thermomyces lanuginosus and Scytalidium thermophilum

Differential interaction of the dark septate endophyte Cadophora sp. and fungal pathogens in vitro and in planta

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