Sorption of platinum on immobilized microorganisms for its on-line preconcentration and chemiluminescent determination in water samples

Abstract

Fungi of the type Aspergillus sp. were immobilized on a cellulosic resin and used as a biosorbent for the on-line preconcentration and separation of Pt(IV) ions prior to their chemiluminescent determination via flow injection analysis. Biosorption and elution conditions were optimized, and the results compared to biosorbents based on the use of Chlorella vulgaris algae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast in terms of preconcentration and selective retention of Pt(IV). The immobilized fungi presented here have a high potential for use in platinum biosorption. The procedure exhibits the currently lowest limit of detection (0.02 ng mL−1 of Pt) and very high selectivity. The procedure was applied to the determination of Pt(IV) in river water, road run-off, and wastewater samples.FigureSchematic diagram of flow injection manifold for on-line preconcentration/separation of Pt(IV) on immobilized fungi followed by its luminol-based chemiluminescent determination. The CL-FIA manifold was applied to the determination of platinum in river water, road run-off, and wastewater samples.

Analysis of Platinum Group Elements in Environmental Samples: A Review

“…An increasing amount of Pt(IV) quenches the chemiluminescence of the green algae generated by lucigenin. Beside the advantage of a simple instrumental set-up, a detection limit of 0.1 µg Pt L −1 was achieved and the method could be successfully validated by investigation of the certified reference material Road Dust BCR-723 (Malejko et al 2010(Malejko et al , 2012.…”

“…As can be seen, highest concentrations are detected for Pt, followed by Pd and Rh. This Whiteley and Murray (2005), Locatelli (2006b), Wichmann et al (2007), Zereini et al (2007), Sutherland et al (2007), Tsogas et al (2008), Pan et al (2009, Orecchio and Amorello (2011, Mihaljevič et al (2013 Dusts 0.4-529 µg kg Leśniewska et al (2006), Limbeck (2006), Tsogas et al (2008), Leopold et al (2008), Malejko et al (2010), Gao et al (2012), Malejko et al (2012), Spada et al (2012), Afzali et al (2012) Rocks 0.14-10340 µg kg Analysis of Platinum Group Elements in Environmental Samples …reflects the amounts of usage of the three elements for catalytic processes, such as in automotive catalytic converters (Matthey 2012). Traffic emissions are the main source for PGEs and therefore one observes the highest amounts in road dust.…”

Appraisal of Biosorption for Recovery, Separation and Determination of Platinum, Palladium and Rhodium in Environmental Samples

“…The SPE-ETAAS procedure was applied to the determination of Pt and Pd in road dust samples (Woińska and Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz 2011). Selectivity of the SPE procedure ensured effective separation of Pt(IV) from interfering matrix and accurate FI-CL determination of platinum in river water, road run-off water and municipal wastewater (Malejko et al 2012). …”

“…immobilized on Cellex-T resin was also proposed for the preconcentration/ separation of metals prior to their determination by ETAAS (Woińska and Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz 2011) and luminol-based FI-CL method (Malejko et al 2012). The Pt(IV) and Pd(II) ions were quantitatively and selectively retained on the biosorbent from acidic solution of pH 1 and subsequently eluted with 0.25 mol L −1 thiourea solution in 0.3 mol L −1 HCl during Pd and Pt determination by ETAAS and with 5 mol L −1 NaCl solution during Pt determination by FI-CL method.…”

“…Algae Chlorella vulgaris, yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and fungi Aspergillus sp. were applied to selective separation and determination of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) by atomic absorption spectrometry ( Malejko et al 2010Malejko et al , 2012 in environmental samples (Table 2). Godlewska-Żyłkiewicz (2003) reported the binding of Pt(IV) and Pd(II) by free cells of baker's yeast S. cerevisiae and algae C. vulgaris.…”