Sorption of nitroaromatic compounds to synthesized organoclays

Toxicity of 2,4-dinitrotoluene to terrestrial plants in natural soils

“…Earlier studies have shown that organic matter (OM) and clay content are among the key constituents of soil that can sorb nitroaromatics (Upson and Burns, 2006;Roberts et al, 2007;Charles et al, 2008), and thus decrease their chemical availability and concomitant toxicity. In the present study, we build upon the results of our previous studies with SSL soil (Rocheleau et al, 2006) to determine the effects of 2,4-DNT on alfalfa, barnyard grass, and ryegrass in Teller sandy loam, Kirkland loam, and Science of the Total Environment 408 (2010) [3193][3194][3195][3196][3197][3198][3199] Webster clay loam to test the hypothesis that the toxicity of 2,4-DNT is correlated inversely with the soil OM or clay content, and to develop phytotoxicity benchmark data for 2,4-DNT that can be used for ecological risk assessment (ERA) at contaminated sites (USEPA, 2005).…”

Degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) from explosive wastewater using nanoscale zero-valent iron

“…A known amount of TNT powder was dissolved in deoxygenated distilled water heated to 70 • C, and this dissolved TNT solution was stored in a brown reagent bottle in the dark at 4 • C for 3-5 days prior to use [25].…”

“…The concentration of residual TNT at different degradation temperatures (20,25,30,35,40 and 45 • C) is presented in Fig. 1c.…”

Manufactured Coal Ash Aggregates for Aqueous TNT Sorption

“…The initial aqueous TNT concentration of 1.0 mg/ L was reduced to 0.02 mg/L after 2 hours of sorption contact time. It was reported that TNT sorption equilibrium was achieved with the seven organoclays within 2 hours (Upson and Burns, 2006). Sorption kinetic data were modeled using pseudo-first order kinetics as follows:…”