Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers rhizomes inhibitory potential against diabetes and free radicals

Abstract

Background Owing to the side effects of synthetic medicine and less effectiveness against different syndromes, the researchers have focused on phytotherapy to overcome these problems. The purpose of this project was to study the in vitro phytochemical, cytotoxic, total phenolic, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the methanol extract of the rhizome of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers and its n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous fractions. Thereafter, to conduct in vivo evaluation of the effective extract for its antidiabetic and antioxidant characteristics. Methods Cytotoxic, total phenolic content and antidiabetic properties were ascertained by brine shrimps lethality, Folin- Ciocalteu reagent and alpha-amylase inhibition assays respectively while antioxidant activities were investigated through DPPH, ABTS and H2O2 assays. The methanolic extract was assessed in vivo for its antidiabetic and antioxidant activities by using Wistar albino rats. Results The phytochemical investigation of the methanolic extract and its unlike fractions revealed the availability of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenes, steroids, carbohydrate and proteins while lack of saponins and gums in methanolic extract. Steroids and carbohydrates were only present in aqueous and chloroform fraction respectively while both fractions contained proteins and alkaloids. Cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were absent in aqueous and chloroform fractions respectively. The highest brine shrimps lethality (70.5 ± 1.2), total phenolic content (28.30 ± 1.3 mg GAE/g), free radicals scavenging potential i.e. DPPH (40.02%), ABTS (40.48%) and H2O2 (50.85%) and alpha amylase inhibition (61.87%) was shown by the methanolic extract. The in vivo results did not disclose any sign of acute toxicity. The diabetic control showed a noteworthy (P < 0.05) decline in weight, HDL and glutathione and a raised level of bilirubin, blood glucose, urea, creatinine, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL, ALT, ALP, AST, SOD, catalase. The mentioned alterations were restored considerably (P < 0.05) by treatment of diabetic rats with methanolic extract of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers (150 and 300 mg/kg b.w.). Conclusion It is concluded that the extract of rhizomes of Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers is an effective fount of antioxidant and anti-diabetic compounds. Further analysis is needed to sharpen its pharmacological activities.

Evaluation of analgesic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of ethanol extract of Clerodendrum viscosum Vent

“…The uses of synthetic antioxidants have been limited because of their carcinogenicity. Alternatively, natural antioxidants are more desirable and safer [17]. In our study, all the plant samples showed significant antioxidant capacity that was established by DPPH free radical quenching capacity.…”

Assessment of Antidiabetic Potential and Phytochemical Profiling of Viscum album, a Traditional Antidiabetic Plant

“…Liver and kidney function markers alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum urea, creatinine, and total bilirubin were determined as described by [20] with the help of commercially available kits from Gesan Productions, Italy, using a chemistry analyzer (Selectra, Netherlands).…”

“…e extent of tissues SOD activity was determined according to the method described by [20]. In this assay, a homogenate of 0.3 mL of tissue was mixed into 0.1 mL phenazine methosulphate (186 µM) and 1.2 mL sodium pyrophosphate buffer (0.052 mM; pH 7.0)…”

“…e tissue Catalase activity was determined according to the method described by [20]. e reaction mixture was formed by mixing tissue homogenate 0.1 mL with 0.4 mL of 5.9 mM H 2 O 2 and 2.5 mL of 50 mM phosphate buffer (pH 5.0).…”

“…e tissue glutathione peroxidase assay was carried out according to the method described by [20]. A reaction mixture was formed by mixing 0.1 mL of homogenate into 1.48 mL phosphate buffer (0.1 M; pH 7.4), 0.05 mL GSH (1 mM), 0.1 mL NADPH (0.2 mM), 0.1 mL sodium azide (1 mM), 0.1 mL EDTA (1 mM), 0.05 mL glutathione reductase (1 IU/mL), and 0.01 mL H 2 O 2 (0.25 mM) and making final volume up to 2 mL.…”