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Pakistan with highest number of terrorism related deaths of any country over the past decade, the number exceeding the total terrorism related deaths for both the European and North American continents, provides an ideal laboratory to study impact of terrorism on the macroeconomy (GTD, 2012). Quasi-Structural VAR, VECM, Impulse Response Functions and Granger-Causality tests on a sample that covers over 4500 terrorist incidents and consequent 10, 200 deaths [from 1973 to 2010] are employed to study the relationship between terrorism and the macroeconomy. One of the major advantages of the current methodology is that it not only enables one to circumvent the heterogeneity biases inherent in cross-country studies but it also allows distinguishing between short and long-run effects. It is documented that cumulatively terrorism has cost Pakistan around 33.02 % of its real national income i.e. terrorism costs Pakistan around 1 % of real GDP per capita growth every year.

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Background: In the southern and tribal districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa reside mainly Pashtun ethnic cultures that preferably use local plants to combat various health issues. We conducted surveys in this terrain to make an inventory of plants used traditionally for the treatment of diabetes.Methods: A purposive sampling method was applied in the selection of participants, and semi-structured interviews were used for the collection of data. Voucher specimens of each plant species were preserved in the