Sorbent Coated Glass Wool Fabric as a Thin Film Microextraction Device

Abstract

A new approach for thin film microextraction (TFME) with mixed-phase sorptive coating is presented. Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) TFME samplers were prepared using spin coating and glass wool fabric mesh as substrate. The samplers were easily tailored in size and shape by cutting tools. Good durability and flat-shape stability were observed during extraction, stirring in water, and thermal desorption. The latter characteristic obviates the need for an extra framed holder for rapid TFME and makes the samplers more robust and easier to deploy. The samplers combine the advantages of adsorptive solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and TFME, including one-step solvent-free extraction and preconcentration, direct thermal desorption, and enhanced sensitivity without sacrificing analysis time due to thin film geometry. The analytical performance of these new devices was demonstrated using water samples spiked with N-nitrosamines (NAs) as model compounds. Over an order of magnitude enhancement of extraction efficiencies was obtained for the model compounds compared with the SPME fibers of similar coatings and PDMS thin film membrane. The results of this study indicate that these novel thin film devices are promising for rapid and efficient microextraction of polar analytes in water.

Development, Optimization and Applications of Thin Film Solid Phase Microextraction (TF-SPME) Devices for Thermal Desorption: A Comprehensive Review

“…Since the advent of thermally stable extractive phases and binders, the TD of sorbents has been an attractive method for sample introduction to analytical instrumentation, as it requires no additional organic solvent as many other methods do [7][8][9]21]. As the science and engineering behind these thermally stable phases progress, the inherent background of newly developed phases (solid or liquid) is reduced, thus allowing the TD of appropriate sorbents to be applicable to ultra-trace level analysis [19,29,30]. Fundamentally, TD operates by heating a sorbent with hot gas to release all volatile analytes adsorbed onto the extraction phase, the increase in temperature driving the partition coefficient of the analytes to favor the gas phase thus releasing them from the sorbent.…”

“…Depending on the cryo-trap device used, the trap can be cooled by liquid gas (such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide) or a solid-state device. In the use of a cryo-trapping device, while the analytes are desorbed at high temperature in the TDU, the cryo-trap is held at a low temperature, −40 to 0 • C being appropriate for most volatiles [16,32,33] with highly volatile substances requiring lower temperatures trending toward −150 • C to properly pre-focus [8,19,29,[34][35][36]. Only after all compounds are thermally desorbed from the TF-SPME device and condensed in the cryo-trap, the temperature of the cryo-trap is increased at a high rate (usually 12 • C/s), achieving discrimination-free transfer of analytes into the analytical column with minimal sample loss.…”

“…Incorporating the house-like geometry [49] and the glass fiber support [32] of earlier TF-SPME devices, Riazi et al [29] developed the first mixed-mode extraction phase for TF-SPME using Car/PDMS and PDMS/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB). Adsorptive particles (Carboxen ® or DVB) were suspended in a solution of the binding agent (PDMS) before being applied to a thin sheet of glass wool fabric.…”

Fabric Sol–gel Phase Sorptive Extraction Technique: A Review

“…In comparison with SPME, it presents higher extraction efficiency as well as shorter equilibrium time, thanks to the larger extraction phase (25-125 times more than a fiber). In 2012, Kermani and Pawliszyn reported a modification of TFME based on the distribution of a polymeric sorbent consisting of a mixed carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) and polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), spread onto a glass wool fabric support as the substrate [14]. The extraction procedure was similar to TFME for GC-MS analysis.…”

Investigation of 1-Dodecylimidazolinm Modified Filter Papers as a Thin-Film Microextraction Phase for the Preconcentration of Bisphenol A from Plant Oil Samples

“…This change in geometry can practically increase the extraction recovery of analytes without sacrificing the analysis time due to the large extraction phase surface area-to-volume ratio of the adsorption thin-films. 15,16 Some reported applications of TFME have been published in different matrixes, such as biological matrixes, 17 water, 15,[18][19][20][21] indoor air, 22 human exhaled breath condensates 23 and wine. 24 Filter paper, as 100% naturally derived cellulose nanofibers with a surface area of larger than 100 m 2 /g, 25 has been used as a platform in analytical and clinical chemistry because it is affordable, sustainable, hydrophilic, inert, and stable over a broad range of pH/ionic strengths.…”