“…Numerous studies have shown that the spectrum of chemical species found are more often distinct between submicron and larger PM. For example, different studies from Switzerland, 20,23 South Africa, 24 Hong Kong, 25 Finland (Helsinki), 5 USA (Sacramento Valley), 23,26 Africa (Senegal), 23 China, 23 France, 23 Italy, 23 the Netherlands, 23 Spain 23 and 'Greater European Region 27 support dominance of one or more of such species like organics, sulfate, black carbon, nitrate, ammonium, chloride and iron in submicron PM, whereas, of other species like calcium in larger PM. Further, some of the major anions and cations have been majorly found to be part of submicron PM in Greece (Athens).…”