Soot formation in shock-tube oxidation of hydrocarbons

Frenklach, Michael; Ramachandra, M. K.; Matula, Richard A.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(85)80576-2

Cited by 50 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…together with a chemical loss path H + C6H5Cl → products (6) which, by contrast to reaction 1, is not addition, and loss of H via (2). The corresponding rate law …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data for k6 are highly scattered, with an uncertainty comparable to the magnitude of k6, but they indicate that k6 < 10 -13 cm 3 molecule -1 s -1 . If overall loss (6) corresponded to one or more elementary paths, its rate constant would have to be at least equal to that for Cl-atom abstraction…”

Section: In An Intermediate Temperature Region With T ~ 580 -635 K Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chlorine substitution has also been observed to enhance soot formation in shock tube experiments [6]. By contrast to chloroalkanes which typically react via direct abstraction, the reactions of chlorobenzene with radicals could involve a variety of further mechanisms, including stabilized addition, displacement and dissociation or isomerization of a bound intermediate [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Kinetic studies of chlorobenzene reactions with hydrogen atoms and phenyl radicals and the thermochemistry of 1-chlorocyclohexadienyl radicals

Gao

Marshall

2009

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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“…together with a chemical loss path H + C6H5Cl → products (6) which, by contrast to reaction 1, is not addition, and loss of H via (2). The corresponding rate law …”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In An Intermediate Temperature Region With T ~ 580 -635 K Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Kinetic studies of chlorobenzene reactions with hydrogen atoms and phenyl radicals and the thermochemistry of 1-chlorocyclohexadienyl radicals

Gao

Marshall

2009

Proceedings of the Combustion Institute

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“…81 In order to isolate the direct effects of fuel molecular structure from those of the combustion phasing, many experimental studies on particulate formation have been conducted under carefully controlled conditions such as laboratory flames, [82][83][84][85][86] shock tubes [87][88][89][90] and flow reactors. [91][92][93] Smoke point tests have been widely used as a metric to determine the sooting tendencies of fuels and involve the measurement of the height at which soot is visibly seen to emerge from the tip of a wick-fed diffusion-type flame; a lower smoke point indicates a higher tendency to form soot.…”

Section: Particulate Mattermentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines

Hellier

Talibi

Eveleigh

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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Future fuels for compression ignition engines will be required both to reduce the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions from fossil sources and to contribute to the reductions in the exhaust levels of pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. Via various processes of biological, chemical and physical conversion, feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass and photosynthetic micro-organisms will yield a wide variety of potential fuel molecules. Furthermore, modification of the production processes may allow the targeted manufacture of fuels of specific molecular structure. This paper therefore presents an overview of the effects of fuel molecular structure on the combustion and emissions characteristics of compression ignition engines, highlighting in particular the submolecular features common to a variety of potential fuels. An increase in the straight-chain length of the alkyl moiety reduces the duration of ignition delay, and the introduction of double bonds or branching to an alkyl moiety both increase ignition delay. The movement of a double bond towards the centre of an alkyl chain, or the addition of oxygen to a molecule, can both increase and decrease the duration of ignition delay dependent on the overall fuel structure. Nitrogen oxide emissions are primarily influenced by the duration of fuel ignition delay, but in the case of hydrogen and methane pilot-ignited premixed combustion arise only at flame temperatures sufficiently high for thermal production. An increase in aromatic ring number and physical properties such as the fuel boiling point increase particulate matter emissions at constant combustion phasing.

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“…In general, previous shock tube measurements of soot formation have been done with gas-phase species highly diluted in argon and (sometimes) nitrogen. Fuels that have been considered include methane {Lester and Wittig, 1975;Wittig et al, 1990), acetylene {Böhm et al, 1998Cundall et al, 1978;Frenklach et al, 1984aFrenklach et al, , 1984bFussey et al, 1978;Knorre et al, 1996), ethylene {Cundall et al, 1978Fussey et al, 1978), ethane {Fussey et al, 1978), benzene {Böhm et al, 1998Frenklach et al, 1984a;Knorre et al, 1996;Simmons andWilliams, 1988), n-heptane {Kellerer et al, 1996;Kellerer and Wittig, 1997;Yao et al, 1995), and toluene {Frenklach et al, 1983, 1984aKellerer and Wittig, 1997;Rawlins et al, 1984;Simmons and Williams, 1988;Wang et al, 1981). Miscellaneous compounds such as phenyl iodide {Graham and Homer, 1973), ethylbenzene and cycloheptatriene {Graham et al, 1975), allene and 1,3-butadiene {Frenklach et al, 1984a, and iron pentacarbonyl {Tanke et al, 1998), among others, have also been studied.…”

Section: Background Searchmentioning

confidence: 99%