Soot emissions from turbulent diffusion flames burning simple alkane fuels

Abstract

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Methodology and Experiments to Determine Soot and NOx Yields from a Vertical Lab-Scale Flare Burning Alkane-Mixtures and Ethylene

“…The Carleton lab-scale flare facility was designed and built to increase the experimental scale of the work accomplished by Canteenwalla (2007) and McEwen (2010) using a smaller-scale experiment housed at the National Research Council of Canada.…”

“…These components include: the modular turbulent diffusion burner, the fuel delivery system, the various flare gas compositions tested, the controllable exhaust system, the experimental analysis instrumentation, and the flame imaging equipment. The turbulent diffusion burner was previously used in the work of Canteenwalla (2007) and McEwen (2010) and will be discussed within that context in Section 2.1. Section 2.2 discusses the fuel delivery system and provides details of all components upstream of the burner including the mass flow controllers, gas storage and handling, and other related components.…”

“…Designed by Canteenwalla (2007), the modular burner includes five different tip sizes, of which three were used in the current work (38.1, 50.8 and 76.2 mm internal diameter (ID)). Briefly, the flare gas is delivered to the burner by tubing that is further The burner exit tubes were designed and manufactured with an inner to outer diameter ratio of 0.89, which is representative of simple pipe flares.…”

“…Exit length and turbulence generating grids were designed to produce fully developed turbulent pipe flow at the exit plane characteristic of real flares. Details on the velocity profile, and turbulence intensity (~3 -6 % at the core) at the exit plane for the 38.1 mm burner as well as overall burner dimensions can be found in the work of Canteenwalla (2007). The temperature of the flare gas in the burner exit was measured using a 1/16" diameter K-type thermocouple probe (CASS-116G-12) which passed approximately 5 mm over the top edge of the burner and was bent 90° extending upstream into the burner exit 45 mm.…”

Sky-scattered solar radiation based plume transmissivity measurements

“…These works yield values of E{m) x in the range of 0.21 to 0.42. Canteenwalla (2007) summarized available data published in the literature and calculated the mean and standard error for E(m) x of 0.32 ± 0.01 assuming E(m) x to be independent of wavelength, which is a common assumption when using E(m) A in the visible and near infrared (Krishnan et al, 2000). However, most recently, Thomson et al (2008b) applied a spectrally resolved LOSA diagnostic (Spec-LOSA) to an ethylene/air flame in the wavelength range of 450 to 950 nm and observed that there is significant decrease of the absorption function with increasing wavelength.…”