Sonographic Findings of Pectoralis Major Tears With Surgical, Clinical, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation in 6 Patients

Weaver, Jennifer S.; Jacobson, Jon A.; Jamadar, David A.; Theisen, Sean E.; Ebrahim, Farhad S.; Kalume-Brigido, Monica

doi:10.7863/jum.2005.24.1.25

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…x These injuries are usually a result of direct trauma and appear to respond well to conservative management. 49,76,79 The distance between the musculotendinous region and the site of tendinous humeral insertion is relatively short (w5 cm) and is not always easily visible because most of this length is intramuscular. 23 Therefore, tears occurring in the span of this distance (locations III to V) are essentially viewed the same and are most likely to benefit from surgical repair.…”

Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears

Elmaraghy

Devereaux

2012

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

156

217

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Section: Timingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears

Elmaraghy

Devereaux

2012

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery

156

217

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“…Cadaveric and imaging studies have been inconsistent in their descriptions of the tendinous and muscular architecture (Tables 1-2). Imaging studies have also been limited in their ability to distinguish details of normal pectoral structures (Carrino et al, 2000;Lee et al, 2000;Rehman and Robinson, 2005;Weaver et al, 2005). The present study used muscle modeling technologies to obtain digitized data from individual fiber bundles and tendon to reconstruct a 3D model of the entire PM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three‐dimensional study of pectoralis major muscle and tendon architecture

Fung¹,

Wong²,

Ravichandiran³

et al. 2009

Clinical Anatomy

102

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A thorough understanding of the normal structural anatomy of the pectoralis major (PM) is of paramount importance in the planning of PM tendon transfers or repairs following traumatic PM tears. However, there is little consensus regarding the complex musculotendinous architecture of the PM in the anatomic or surgical literature. The purpose of this study is to model and quantify the three-dimensional architecture of the pectoralis muscle and tendon. Eleven formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens were examined: five (2M/3F) were serially dissected, digitized, and modeled in 3D using Autodesk Maya; six (4M/2F) were dissected and photographed. The PM tendon consisted of longer anterior and shorter posterior layers that were continuous inferiorly. The muscle belly consisted of an architecturally uniform clavicular head (CH) and a segmented sternal head (SH) with 6-7 segments. The most inferior SH segment in all specimens was found to fold anteriorly forming a trough that cradled the inferior aspect of the adjacent superior segment. No twisting of either the PM muscle or tendon was noted. Within the CH, the fiber bundle lengths (FBL) were found to increase from superior to inferior, whereas the mean FBLs of SH were greatest in segments 3-5 found centrally. The mean lateral pennation angle was greater in the CH (29.4 +/- 6.9 degrees ) than in the SH (20.6 +/- 2.7 degrees ). The application of these findings could form the basis of future studies to optimize surgical planning and functional recovery of repair/reconstruction procedures.

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“…A dense echoic portion anterior to the muscle represents epimysium 47. In the injured pectoralis major, imaging longitudinal to the muscle fibres shows fibre disruption, retraction and possible hypoechoic or anechoic haematoma, most commonly involving the musculotendinous junction of the sternal head 49. For optimal MRI, a combination of sequences should be used for anatomical delineation (T1-weighted spin echo or proton density-weighted spin echo) and fluid detection (T2-weighted spin echo, T2-weighted fast spin echo with fat saturation or STIR).…”

Section: Muscle Injuriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thoracic injuries in professional rugby players: mechanisms of injury and imaging characteristics

et al. 2013

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Professional rugby players are prone to traumatic thoracic injuries due to the use of minimal protective gear to cover the torso. In the 2007 Rugby World Cup, thoracic injuries occurred at a rate of 8.3 cases/1000 player-hours. CT and MRI play an important role in the diagnosis of these injuries. Vital internal organs, such as the heart, lungs, trachea, liver and large blood vessels lie within close proximity to the bony structures and what seems to be a simple rib fracture or clavicular dislocation can have potentially life-threatening complications that are not detected by conventional radiography. Crosssectional imaging helps to determine the choice of treatment. Ultrasound offers a quick and dynamic imaging examination and allows high-resolution assessment of superficial tissues that complements conventional imaging. In this review article, we (1) presented data on incidence of thoracic injuries in professional rugby players; (2) described the anatomy of the joints comprising the thoracic cage and major muscles attached to the rib cage; (3) discussed indications and relevance for MRI and presented an optimised MRI protocol for assessment of suspected thoracic injury; and (4) illustrated various types of thoracic injuries seen in professional rugby players, including sternal contusion, retrosternal haematoma, manubriosternal disruption, sternoclavicular dislocation, rib fractures and injuries of the pectoralis major muscle.

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Sonographic Findings of Pectoralis Major Tears With Surgical, Clinical, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlation in 6 Patients

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears

A systematic review and comprehensive classification of pectoralis major tears

Three‐dimensional study of pectoralis major muscle and tendon architecture

Thoracic injuries in professional rugby players: mechanisms of injury and imaging characteristics

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