Sonographic Diagnosis of Congenital Variations of the Extracranial Vertebral Artery and Assessment of Its Circulation

Cai, Ailong; Liu, Limin; Wang, Yan-hai

doi:10.7863/jum.2009.28.11.1481

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Anatomical variation of the cerebral circulation is common, with an incomplete circle of Willis reported in about 50 % of the population, usually involving at least one absent or hypoplastic communicating artery [47]. Congenital variations in the VA have also been described [48]. These variations are associated with asymmetrical flow [49] and in patients with severe ICA stenosis, a risk of stroke and transient ischemic attack is also present [50].…”

Section: Posture and The Cerebral Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Positioning on Cerebral Oxygenation

Soeding

2013

Curr Anesthesiol Rep

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Postural change during anesthesia has a complex effect on the systemic and cerebral circulations which can potentially decrease cerebral blood flow and oxygenation. Cerebral oximetry is emerging as a monitor of cerebral perfusion with widespread application in many types of surgery. The technology is based on the differential absorption of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin to near-infrared light. However, the dynamic coupling that exists between cerebral arterial, venous and cerebrospinal fluid volumes may influence oximetric readings during postural change. Interpretation of cerebral oxygen saturation measurement must account for these changes in cerebral physiology if monitoring is to predict neurological outcome.

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Section: Posture and The Cerebral Circulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Positioning on Cerebral Oxygenation

Soeding

2013

Curr Anesthesiol Rep

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“…Additional reports suggested that children with congenital hypoplastic vertebral artery were more susceptible to arteriosclerosis either at a young age or later in adulthood [9,14,22]. …”

Section: Cohort Studies Further Test and Support The Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Decreased vertebral artery diameter has been associated with both reduced blood flow and inadequate blood supply to the posterior circulation in a sonographic evaluation of pediatric patients with a history of headache, vertigo or syncope [9]. The role of VAH in the pathogenesis of migraine has also been examined with color Doppler ultrasound in 59 patients with migraine.…”

Section: Imaging Studies Illustrate That Neurological Symptoms In Submentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When blood flow on the one VA is temporarily reduced, the flow on the opposite VA is compensatory augmented to provide sufficient flow in the basilar artery. However, under certain prices in the diameter of the VAH the blood flow is reduced to a greater degree that results in unbalanced hemodynamics and in inadequate blood supply to the brain [9]. …”

Section: Imaging Studies Illustrate That Neurological Symptoms In Submentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Is Vertebral Artery Hypoplasia a Predisposing Factor for Posterior Circulation Cerebral Ischemic Events? A Comprehensive Review

Katsanos

Kosmidou²,

Kyritsis³

et al. 2013

Eur Neurol

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Vertebral artery hypoplasia is not currently considered an independent risk factor for stroke. Emerging evidence suggest that vertebral artery hypoplasia may contribute to posterior circulation ischemic events, especially when other risk factors coexist. In the present literature review, we present published data to discuss the relationship between a hypoplastic vertebral artery and posterior circulation cerebral ischemia. Despite difficulties and controversies in the accurate definition and prevalence estimation of vertebral artery hypoplasia, ultrasound studies reveal that the reduced blood flow observed ipsilateral to the hypoplastic vertebral artery may result in local cerebral hypoperfusion and subsequent focal neurological symptomatology. That risk of cerebral ischemia is related to the severity of the hypoplasia, suggesting that the smaller of paired arteries are more vulnerable to occlusion. Existing cohort studies further support clinical observations that hypoplastic vertebral artery enhances synergistically the vascular risk for posterior circulation ischemic events and is closely associated with both atherosclerotic and prothrombotic processes.

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“…To date, most diseases related to vertebrobasilar circulation, such as occlusion, stenosis, and congenital variations of the vertebral artery, have been diagnosed with Doppler sonography in previous studies 5 – 7 . The spectral Doppler waveform of the vertebral artery has also proven useful for predicting the degree of ipsilateral subclavian artery stenosis and determining whether blood flow is ante‐grade or retrograde 1 , 8 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%