Sonographic appearance and distribution of normal cervical lymph nodes in a Chinese population.

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This study was undertaken to investigate the vascular patterns and resistance of normal cervical nodes by power Doppler sonography. In 101 subjects who had a sonographic examination of the neck, 1050 lymph nodes were detected. Only central vascularity was found in normal cervical nodes. The degree of vascularity in submental and submandibular nodes was higher than that in other regional nodes. Submental nodes had a higher vascular resistance in association with a lower blood flow velocity than other regional nodes. No significant difference was found in blood flow velocities and vascular resistance between male and female subjects. The vascular resistance increased significantly with age. This study provides a baseline for vascularity within normal cervical nodes, as seen by power Doppler sonography.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Doppler sonography of normal cervical lymph nodes.

Ying

Ahuja

Brook

et al. 2000

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“…When the malignant process progresses, the nodal size increases and the nodal shape becomes spherical. 13,14 The lymph node's original architecture becomes deformed owing to bulky neoplastic colonization, necrosis, or desmoplastic reaction. Vascularity may increase as a result of …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional and three-dimensional power Doppler sonographic classification of vascular patterns in cervical lymphadenopathies.

Shih²,

Chang³

et al. 1998

Vascular patterns may reflect some pathologic behaviors of tumors and lymph nodes. Power Doppler ultrasonography, with improved sensitivity and better noise contrast, were used to depict vasculature in 289 cases of cervical lymphadenopathy. Four patterns of vasculature, in addition to avascular nodes, were classified. Benign lymphadenopathies represented 89% and 83% of avascular and hilar type nodes, respectively. However, malignant lymphadenopathies dominated in nodes that were of spotted (72%), peripheral (60%), and mixed type (80%). Correlation between nodal sizes and chronologic changes of vascular patterns in malignant lymphadenopathies implied a reasonable classification. Three‐dimensional power angiography, with the advantage of less plane‐sampling bias, was further used to validate our classification.

“…The size criterion for submandibular nodes (9 mm) is higher than the size criterion of other regional nodes (5 to 7 mm). This probably is due to the large size of normal submandibular nodes, 5 and thus a higher size criterion is required to differentiate normal from abnormal nodes. Previous literature has also reported that the size criterion for submandibular nodes is higher than the size criterion for the cervical nodes in other areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of sonographic criteria for evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy.

Ying

Ahuja

Metreweli

1998

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Although ultrasonographic criteria for abnormal nodes are used routinely in the evaluation of cervical lymphadenopathy, the diagnostic accuracy of these criteria in different areas has not been documented. This study evaluated 977 normal cervical nodes from 80 normal subjects and 1419 abnormal cervical nodes from 277 patients with proven cervical lymphadenopathy. The diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy) of size, shape (short axis to long axis ratio), echogenic hilus, and nodal border for regional lymph nodes are evaluated and discussed.