Sonochemical Preparation of Polymer Nanocomposites

Abstract

This review covers sonochemical fabrication of polymer nanocomposites. In addition to its application to the synthesis of various polymeric systems, due to its powerful efficiency, sonochemistry has been widely used not only as the assistant of dispersion for nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes (CNT) and organophillic clay, but also as a special initiator to enhance polymerization for fabrication of polymer nanocomposites with CNT and metallic nanoparticles. Recent developments in the preparation of multi-walled carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites with polystyrene and PMMA, magnetic particle/CNT composites and polymer/clay nanocomposites along with their physical characteristics and potential engineering applications will be introduced. Physical characterizations include morphological, thermal, and rheological properties under either an applied electric or magnetic field.

On the Processing and Properties of Clay/Polymer Nanocomposites CPNC

“…2006, Okamoto M. 2003, Subri A. 2008, Wang H. 2006, Zhang K. 2009) conclude that nanoclay may increase the mechanical properties such as tensile strength and modulus of elasticity E with decreasing of the fracture properties such critical stress intensity factor for mode I crack KIc which may called fracture toughness; and energy release rate Gf which may called fracture energy. But actually these results are not matching each other since if the tensile strength could be increased it will mean that there is good bond without defects or micro or nano cracks.…”

“…2006, Okamoto M. 2003, Subri A. 2008, Wang H. 2006, Zhang K. 2009 ). Mixing and processing are most important steps to avoid such these problems which control nanocomposite manufacturing and properties and to avoid producing conventional composite instead of the main target of producing of Nanocomposites.…”

“…2006, Okamoto M. 2003, Subri A. 2008, Wang H. 2006, Zhang K. 2009 ). Each method should be under high shear effect to facilitate the exfoliation of the nanoclay layers.…”

“…2006, Okamoto M. 2003, Subri A. 2008, Wang H. 2006, Zhang K. 2009). Some researchers mixed the nanoclay and polymer before extruding putting the polymer and nanoclay together in one bag and then closing the bag and shaking the bag by free hand (Okamoto M. 2003).…”

Ultrasonic synthetic technique to manufacture a pHEMA nanopolymeric-based vaccine against the H6N2 avian influenza virus: a preliminary investigation

“…This synthetic process can be extended to polymers and composite materials. 14,15 In this article, the development of biocompatible and biodegradable nanosized poly (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) particles that are used as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccine carriers is described. DNA vaccination is an effective procedure for inducing protective immunity against a number of infectious and noninfectious diseases in a variety of animals.…”