Sonochemical Electrodeposition of Copper Coatings

Application of the Composite Hardness Models in the Analysis of Mechanical Characteristics of Electrolytically Deposited Copper Coatings: The Effect of the Type of Substrate

“…The obtained values for the coating hardness were in line with those found in the literature for electrolytically deposited Cu coatings. The usual values for the hardness of the Cu coatings produced by galvanostatic regimes of electrodeposition were between 0.70 and 1.65 GPa [22,49,50]. The application of electrodeposition at a periodically changing rate led to the formation of Cu coatings with slightly greater hardness than those obtained by the constant galvanostatic regimes.…”

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition of Cu-Sn-TiO2 nanocomposite coatings with enhanced antibacterial activity

“…Composition of the used electrolytes and parameters of Cu–Sn–TiO 2 electrodeposition are listed in Table 1 . The operating conditions were selected based on the literature review [18] and our previous experiments [42] , [43] . Electrolytes were prepared using double distilled water and reagent grade chemicals received from Belreachim (Belarus).…”

“…To our best knowledge, no detailed information on the ultrasonic-assisted deposition of Cu–Sn–TiO 2 coatings and their antibacterial properties have been previously reported in the literature. In our previous works [42] , [43] , we showed that ultrasonic treatment of the oxalic acid bath with a power input of 32 W/dm 3 allows for extending the operating current densities from 0.5 to 1.0 A/dm 2 and promotes deposition of smooth semi-lustrous coatings. Further increase in ultrasound power input and current density resulted in a decrease of the cathode current efficiency and lower adhesion of coatings due to the intensive hydrogen evolution.…”

“…The most common reported operation conditions for electrodeposition of composite coatings are ultrasound frequency of 20–42 kHz and nominal power from 1.2 to 40 W/dm 3 [18] . Such treatment results in the broadening of the operating cathodic current density, reduced porosity of the metal matrix, improved mechanical properties, and an increase in the quantitative incorporation of the second phase [8] , [40] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] . The use of excessive ultrasonic power can negatively affect the size distribution of the second phase in a metal matrix [47] .…”

Influence of citrate copper-plating electrolyte, its components and ultra-dispersed diamonds additives on surface properties of steel

“…6, кривая 1) значительно снижалось по сравнению со спектрами, в которых компоненты электролита были индивидуальны (рис. 1,4,5). Это могло быть связано как с повышением электрической проводимости электролита, так и со смещением потенциала стального электрода в электроположительную область, погруженного в цитратный электролит меднения, а также результатом изменения структуры пассивной пленки и, как следствие, ее свойств.…”