Sonocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin using synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles on montmorillonite

Abstract

TiO/Montmorillonite (TiO/MMT) nanocomposite as sonocatalyst was produced by immobilizing synthesized TiO on the surface of montmorillonite. The characteristics of produced nanocomposite were investigated using XRD, XRF, FTIR, TEM, SEM, EDX, UV-vis DRS and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analyses. The synthesized TiO and TiO/MMT samples were applied as catalysts for sonocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin (CIP). The performance of the TiO/MMT was greater than pure TiO sample in treatment of CIP solution. The degradation efficiency of the CIP by sonocatalytic process was affected by solution pH, catalyst dosage, initial CIP concentrations and ultrasonic power. Degradation efficiency of 65.01% was obtained at the pH of 6, catalyst dosage of 0.2gL, initial CIP concentration of 10mgL and ultrasonic power of 650WL. It was observed that the presence of inorganic and organic scavengers suppressed the performance of sonocatalytic process. The stability of the nanocomposite was studied in several successive experiments, and the degradation efficiency declined only 61.48% after 4 repeated experiments. The main degradation by-products were recognized by GC-MS method to propose the possible sonocatalytic mechanism for the degradation of CIP.

MnO2 efficiently removes indigo carmine dyes from polluted water

“…The dynamic factors discussed above make the particle size variation of the catalyst within short to medium range less important in sonocatalysis [8] . In any case, the particles cannot be fully and effectively suspended beyond a particular loading in a particular reactor which leads to suboptimal penetration of US and reduced adsorption of the substrate on the surface.…”

“…Ultrasound (US) irradiation (sonication) and US – initiated heterogeneous catalysis (sonocatalysis) have been investigated extensively in recent years as potential tertiary treatment processes for the removal of even very small concentration of chemical and bacterial pollutants from water [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. These advanced oxidation processes (AOP) have been proven effective for the degradation and eventual mineralization of many types of recalcitrant organic pollutants such as pesticides, phenols, pharmaceuticals and dyes.…”

“…Sonocatalysis mediated by zinc oxide has been demonstrated as highly efficient for the complete and irreversible destruction of bacterial pollutants such as Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio harveyi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ 4 , 6 ]. However, US based processes are generally less efficient for the removal of chemical contaminants compared to other similar AOPs such as photocatalysis or electrocatalysis under identical reaction conditions [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Attempts to enhance the efficiency of sonocatalysis for wastewater treatment are mostly confined to their combination with additives such as H 2 O 2 , H 2 O 2 /Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , cations, anions, dyes etc.…”

Preparation and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticles Supported on Amorphous SiO2

“…Especially, the solvent thermal process [ 12 , 13 ] is required to deal with organic solvents and it is difficult to realize industrial production. Therefore, some nanoparticles (such as titanium dioxide, TiO 2 ) [ 14 , 15 ] are supported on the surface or pores of the inorganic carrier. In this way, the strong interaction between the carrier surface and nanoparticles, and the forced isolation among the carrier particles efficiently prevent the agglomeration among the nanoparticles and improve the dispersion effects and functions.…”

Fabrication of nanoporous copper with tunable ligaments and promising sonocatalytic performance by dealloying Cu–Y metallic glasses

“…[19][20][21] Among them, implosive collapse of cavitation bubbles can produce local "hot spots" with high temperatures (several thousand K) and high pressures (some 10 Mpa). 20,[22][23][24][25] As a result, water (H 2 O) molecules are cleaved to highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (cOH). [26][27][28] Nevertheless, the number of cOH generated by the pyrolysis of H 2 O is limited.…”