Sonication affects the quantity and the morphology of ZnO nanostructures synthesized on the mild steel and changes the corrosion protection of the surface

Abstract

The several types of sonication methods were applied to access the different morphologies of ZnO nanostructures on the surface of mild steel. To achieve this goal, a sonictor equipped with the probe extender was used as a high intensity ultrasonic apparatus for direct sonication. Furthermore, an ultrasonic bath (low intensity) and a cup-horn system (high intensity) were applied for indirect sonication. To find the effect of the acoustic waves on the ZnO morphology, the micrographs of obtained surfaces were compared to the sample prepared by the conventional method using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this work, the beneficial effects of sonication were subjected on the breaking down the agglomerates to smaller size particles, metal surface activation, and on the facile approach to nanostructures synthesis. The influence of the resulting ZnO structures over the corrosion protection of the electroless Ni-P alloy coatings was evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization technique (Tafel extrapolation).

Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using coffee leaf extract assisted with ultrasound as nanocarriers for mangiferin

“…Except for plant extract, in the last two decades, ultrasound has been extensively used in the green synthesis of metal or metal oxide NPs because the acoustic cavitation produces sheer force, agitation, elevated temperature, and free radicals, which lead to the synthesis of smaller NPs with narrower size distribution in a shorter time period without the use of reducing agents ( Duan et al, 2015 ). Moreover, ultrasound can increase the yield of synthesized NPs ( Sharifalhoseini et al, 2018 ). Therefore, using plant extract with the assistance of ultrasound is a promising green approach for the synthesis of ZnO NPs.…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Zeolites Produced by Ultrasonication of Coal Fly Ash/NaOH Slurry Filtrates

“…6a-c, morphological changes were observed in the material, indicating that sonication period played a role in the shapes of the materials studied. [28][29] Separate grain-like structures became more apparent, as the ultrasonication period was increased, as seen in Fig. 6b and Fig.…”

Purification of aqueous orange II solution through adsorption and visible-light-induced photodegradation using ZnO-modified g-C3N4 composites

“…44,59 Several distinct diffraction peaks were found in the XRD pattern of prepared ZnO at 31.94, 34.64, 36.32, 47.68, 56.72, 63.01, 66.68, 68.06, 69.12, 73.12, and 77.52°2q values, which could resemble the plane of (100), ( 002), ( 101), ( 102), ( 110), ( 103), ( 200), ( 112), ( 201), (004), and (202), respectively, of the wurtzite structure of hexagonal ZnO. 60 A peak detected at about 27°2q value in the XRD pattern of ZCN-1 and ZCN-2.5 represents the diffraction phase of the g-C 3 N 4 . The peak in the XRD pattern of ZCN-2.5 was weaker and broader than that of ZCN-1, which corresponded to the decrease of the g-CN crystal phase.…”