Zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized using coffee leaf extract assisted with ultrasound as nanocarriers for mangiferin

Black ZnO nanoparticles synthesized by a green chemistry process

“…The XPS high-resolution region from 288 to 283 eV binding energy shows the contribution of adventitious carbon at 284.84 eV (figure 6 respectively. It is also observed a contribution at 286.08 eV for the black ZnO NPs that could be related with organic materials capping the ZnO nanoparticles as it was reported before in green synthesis process [36][37][38]41]. Figures 6(c) and (d), show deconvolution of the 2p 1/2 and 2P 3/2 orbital contributions for the commercial and black ZnO NPs with a doublet difference of 23 eV related to the spin-orbit coupling, table 2.…”

“…In this sense, green synthesis has become a beneficial alternative to the production of nanomaterials using supplies such as plants, seeds, roots, peels extracts, fungi, algae or bacteria [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] as reduction reagents and stabilization of transition metal salts into metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. ZnO NPs have been successfully attained within the green chemistry approach with potential applications for industrial wastewater treatment [31,32,[35][36][37][38] biological control of plant diseases and plant growth promoter [29,39], anti-cancer drug or as antiangiogenic agent [27,28,33]; and also demonstrating a good biocompatibility, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antifungal activity [12,13,29,30]. The photocatalytic performance of ZnO NPs for degradation of malachite green (MG), methylene blue (MB), rhodamine B dyes and dibenzothiophene contaminant (DBT) has been positively tested [14,18,31,32,35].…”

“…Among the several metabolites that have been documented to be contributors of reducing and stabilizing zinc salts into Zn ions to the formation of zinc oxide nanostructures; the most reliable are flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, tannins and polyphenols [28,35,39]. Coffee is known to contain all these phytochemicals in substantial proportions [40], and thus, successful green synthesis of ZnO has been reported previously by using coffee leaf extract, spent coffee grounds and coffee powder extract assisted with microwave irradiation; nevertheless, the green chemistry pathways proposed are low scalable procedures [36][37][38]41].…”

ZnO nanomaterials target mitochondrial apoptosis and mitochondrial autophagy pathways in cancer cells

“…Moreover, their potential anticancer and antibacterial properties make them superior to other metal oxide nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine. 43 The ability of ZnO NPs to generate ROS and induce apoptosis positions them as ideal candidates for drug carriers in cancer therapy. When combined with therapeutic drugs, ZnO NPs have shown better outcomes in targeted cancer cell therapy compared to other nanomaterials.…”

“…ZnO NPs have been effectively utilized as drug carriers for loading and delivering drugs to specific sites. Moreover, their potential anticancer and antibacterial properties make them superior to other metal oxide nanomaterials in the field of biomedicine 43 . The ability of ZnO NPs to generate ROS and induce apoptosis positions them as ideal candidates for drug carriers in cancer therapy.…”