“…Traditional music ensembles (i.e., band, chorus, and orchestra) continue to be the most common form of music education in the United States, with non-traditional music course offerings such as guitar, music appreciation, music theory, and keyboard found in only 25% of schools nationally (Elpus, 2017). The inclusion of popular music in music education has increased during the 21st century (Powell et al., 2015); however, the extent to which popular music is being implemented in American music programs is unclear (Krikun, 2017). In the United States, popular music is often used to augment traditional PK-12 music course offerings (Isbell, 2007), although there are some autonomous popular music courses and ensembles that exist in a variety of forms, such as popular music performance, guitar, songwriting, music technology, acapella, show choir, commercial music, rock band, contemporary music, and Modern Band (Powell & Burnstein, 2017).…”