rThe Streptomyces that produces "chloromycetin" differs from those described in Bergey's Manual (BIeed ct al., 1948) and is therefore believed to be a new species for which the name Streptomyccs venezuelae is proposed. Two cultures have been sttudied, the first one isolated at New Haven (Burkholder no. A65) from a soil sample collected in a mulched field near Caracas, Venezuela, the second one isolated at Urbana (Gottlieb no. 8-44) from a compost soil on the horticultural farm of the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station at Urbana