Some physiological and biochemical considerations of larval development in the American lobster, Homarus Americanus Milne Edwards

Capuzzo, Judith M.; Lancaster, Bruce A.

doi:10.1016/0022-0981(79)90033-9

Cited by 67 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…This was already suggested by Anger and Nair (1979), and reported from some other decapod larvae (Pandian and Schumann, 1967;Capuzzo and Lancaster, 1979) and adult pelagic marine crustaceans (e. g. Raymont et al, 1964Raymont et al, , 1967Childress and Nygaard, 1974;Clarke, 1980). Unfortunately, there is almost no information on changes in biochemical composition during larval development of decapod crustaceans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Changes in biomass and chemical composition of spider crab (Hyas araneus) larvae reared in the laboratory

Anger¹,

Laasch²,

Piischel³

et al. 1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Larval and early post-larval growth has been investigated in Hyas araneus L. (Majidae) reared in the laboratory. Growth was measured as dry weight (DW), ash-free dry weight (AFDW), carbon (C), nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H), gross biochemical constituents (protein, lipid, carbohydrate, chitin, ash) and energy (calculated separately from carbon and biochemical composition). During larval development, i. e. from freshly hatched zoea-1 to late megalopa, all these cr~teria of b~omass increase by factors ranging between 5 and 14; carbohydrate shows the lowest, chitin the highest Increment. There are indications of loss in organic body weight during the latest period preceding metamorphosis to the crab stage. When no food is offered during this time, megalopae lose significantly more biomass than control larvae. This suggests that food is still required, but feeding activity is reduced to a level below maintenance ingestion rate. Follow~ng metamorphosis, the juvenile crab accumulates biomass at a far higher absolute rate (expressed as pg d-') than all larval stages. This alteration in growth pattern is attributed to lack of further morphological changes. Among the biochemical constituents, protein is most prominent (50 to 68 % AFDW), followed by lipid (I? to 30 %) and chitin (7 to 17 76). Carbohydrates play a minor role contributing only 1 6 to 3.7 % of AFDW. The percentage of protein increases during zoeal development; later it decreases. This pattern is inversely related to changes in ash content, which ranges from 19 to 30 % DW. Lipid (% AFDW) shows a decreasing tendency during larval development. Separate calculations of energy content from C and from biochemical composition yield systematic differences, the former usually being lower than the latter. Only in late megalopae is this pattern Inverted, presumably due to inorganic C in the increasingly calcified cuticle of this stage. Non-linear regression equations are given for conversions of C to protein, lipid, and carbohydrate, N to protein, and H to lipid. The relationship between N and protein suggests that non-protein, non-chitin N may also be important, and calculation of protein by multiplication of total N X 6.25 results in an overestimation of protein.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Changes in biomass and chemical composition of spider crab (Hyas araneus) larvae reared in the laboratory

Anger¹,

Laasch²,

Piischel³

et al. 1983

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…After five months of exposure, 44 and 21 % of the juveniles were deformed in medium and high pCO 2 treatment, respectively. Deformities in lobster larvae and juveniles have not previously been reported, either in European or American lobster, although the scientific community have long-term experience in husbandry of these two species (Gruffydd et al, 1975;Capuzzo and Lancaster, 1979;Latrouite and Lorec, 1991;Addison and Bannister, 1994;Uglem et al, 1995;Agnalt et al, 1999Agnalt et al, , 2004Nicosia and Lavalli, 1999;Linnane et al, 2000;Jørstad et al, 2001;Wickins and Lee, 2002;Kristiansen et al, 2004;Jørstad et al, 2005;Agnalt, 2008;Arnold et al, 2009, Ries et al, 2009, Schmalenbach et al, 2009, Keppel et al, 2012. Wickins et al (1995) did report moulting abnormalities in European lobster larvae in relation to testing different diets, but with no further description of what the abnormalities were.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The ongoing warming and acidification of the world's oceans are expected to influence the marine ecosystems, including benthic marine resources. Ocean acidification may especially have an impact on calcifying organisms, and the European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is among those species at risk. A project was initiated in 2011 aiming to investigate long-term effects of ocean acidification on the early life-cycle of lobster under two temperatures. Larvae were exposed to pCO 2 levels of ambient water (water intake at 90 m depth), medium 750 (pH = 7.79) and high 1200 µatm pCO 2 (pH = 7.62) at temperatures 10 and 18 • C. The water parameters in ambient water did not stay stable and were very low towards the end of the experiment in the larval phase at 10 • C,with pH between 7.83 and 7.90. At 18 • , pH in ambient treatment was even lower, between 7.76 and 7.83, i.e. close to medium pCO 2 treatment. Long-term exposure lasted 5 months. At 18 • C the development from stage 1 to 4 lasted 14 to 16 days, as predicted under optimal water conditions. Growth was very slow at 10 • C and resulted in three larvae reaching stage 4 in high pCO 2 treatment only.There were no clear effects of pCO 2 treatment, on either carapace length or dry weight. However, deformities were observed in both larvae and juveniles. The proportion of larvae with deformities increased with increasing pCO 2 exposure, independent of temperature. In the medium treatment about 23 % were deformed, and in the high treatment about 43 % were deformed. None of the larvae exposed to water of pH > 7.9 developed deformities. Curled carapace was the most common deformity found in larvae raised in medium pCO 2 treatment, irrespective of temperature, but damages in the tail fan occurred in addition to a bent rostrum. Curled carapace was the only deformity found in high pCO 2 treatment at both temperatures. Occurrence of deformities after five months of exposure was 33 and 44 % in juveniles raised in ambient and low pCO 2 levels, respectively, and 21 % in juveniles exposed to high pCO 2 . Deformed claws were most often found in ambient and medium treatment (56 %), followed by stiff/twisted walking legs (39 %) and puffy carapace (39 %). In comparison, at high pCO 2 levels 71 % of the deformed juveniles had developed a puffy carapace. Overall, about half of the deformed juveniles from the ambient and medium pCO 2 treatment displayed two or three different abnormalities; 70 % had multiple deformities in the high pCO 2 treatment. Some of the deformities in the juveniles may affect respiration (carapace), the ability to find food, or sexual partners (walking legs, claw and antenna), and ability to swim (tail-fan damages).

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“…The rate of exopodite beating, which is the same in the first two stages, also increases significantly in Stage III , a reflection of the sudden increase in the energetic cost of swimming. This is supported by Ennis (1988) (Capuzzo and Lancaster, 1979b;Sasaki, 1984), and a completely different type of swimming behavior (Davis and Davis, 1973;; and Stage IV larvae are also able to regulate internal ion concentration (Charmantier et al, 1984). The structural shifts at Stage III could provide a mechanism to compensate for the changes in energy requirements and internal environment (oxygen level and ion concentration) that will occur at the next stage and bring the curve of the hemocyanin back into line with that of the other preadult forms.…”

Section: Hexamers To Monomers This Has Been Demonstrated In Carcinusmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Stage V larvae show this regulatory ability to an even greater degree. Capuzzo and Lancaster (1979b) found weight specific respiration rates to increase linearly from Stage I to Stage IV, then drop precipitously at Stage V in both fed and starved animals.…”

Section: Larval Morphology and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 86%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Developmental changes in the structure and function of lobster hemocyanin

Olson¹

1991

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Some physiological and biochemical considerations of larval development in the American lobster, Homarus Americanus Milne Edwards

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Changes in biomass and chemical composition of spider crab (Hyas araneus) larvae reared in the laboratory

Changes in biomass and chemical composition of spider crab (Hyas araneus) larvae reared in the laboratory

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Developmental changes in the structure and function of lobster hemocyanin

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Some physiological and biochemical considerations of larval development in the American lobster, Homarus Americanus Milne Edwards

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

Changes in biomass and chemical composition of spider crab (Hyas araneus) larvae reared in the laboratory

Changes in biomass and chemical composition of spider crab (Hyas araneus) larvae reared in the laboratory

Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (&lt;i&gt;Homarus gammarus&lt;/i&gt;) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures

Developmental changes in the structure and function of lobster hemocyanin

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Deformities in larvae and juvenile European lobster (<i>Homarus gammarus</i>) exposed to lower pH at two different temperatures