Some Nutritional Characteristics of Predominant Culturable Ruminal Bacteria

Bryant, M. P.; Robinson, I. M.

doi:10.1128/jb.84.4.605-614.1962

Cited by 294 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Growth in 15 ml Hungate anaerobic culture tubes were monitored spectrophotometrically, but when tannic acid was present, growth was monitored by viable cell counts on BHI nutrient agar plates. A basal medium designed for nitrogen utilization studies (N. Nili, personal communication) contained : vitamin solution (10 ml) and mineral solutions I and I1 (50 ml) (Bryant and Robinson 1962); Na,S, 0.25 g; Na2CO3, 4 g; and glucose, 0.5 g per I of water. Casamino acids (5 g), trypticase (5 g) and NH,CI (50 mmol I-'), were added separately as needed.…”

Section: Butyrivibrh Fibrisolvensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus caprinus sp.nov., a tannin-resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats

Brooker

O’Donovan

Skene

et al. 1994

Lett Appl Microbiol

132

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An undescribed bacterium capable of clearing tannic acid‐protein complexes has been isolated from ruminal contents of feral goats browsing tannin‐rich Acacia species. The bacterium is a Gram‐positive facultative anaerobe, characterized as a Streptococcus, but DNA‐DNA hybridization and 16S rDNA sequencing show that it is distinct from the common ruminal species Strep. bovis. We propose the name Streptococcus caprinus for this species. The type strain is Strep. caprinus 2.3, Australian Collection of Microorganisms (ACM) 3969. The bacterium grows in media containing at least 2.5% w/v tannic acid or condensed tannin and produces zones of clearing around colonies on nutrient agar plates with added tannic acid. Streptococcus caprinus is not a major inhabitant of domestic livestock, but is found in feral goats browsing tannin‐rich Acacia species, at a population of up to 2 times 106 cfu ml‐1 of rumen fluid.

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Section: Butyrivibrh Fibrisolvensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus caprinus sp.nov., a tannin-resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats

Brooker

O’Donovan

Skene

et al. 1994

Lett Appl Microbiol

132

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“…Either in pure culture or in the rumen, ammonia is a preferred inorganic nitrogen source for many ruminal species including S. ruminantium D (Bryant and Robinson 1962;Karsli and Russell 2002) with glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) and glutamine synthetase (GS) being the primary enzymes involved in ammonia assimilation (Smith et al 1981;Patterson and Hespell 1985;Duncan et al 1992;Woods and Reid 1993;Wen and Morrison 1997;Leigh and Dodsworth 2007). In contrast to other Gram-negative bacteria, S. ruminantium do not exhibit covalent modification of GS for rapid shutdown of this enzyme (Smith et al 1981;Kustu et al 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dilution rates influence ammonia-assimilating enzyme activities and cell parameters of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D in continuous (glucose-limited) culture

Patterson

Chalova

Hespell

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: The objective of this study was to examine the effect of dilution rates (Ds, varying from 0·05 to 0·42 h−1) in glucose‐limited continuous culture on cell yield, cell composition, fermentation pattern and ammonia assimilation enzymes of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D. Methods and Results: All glucose‐limited continuous culture experiments were conducted under anaerobic conditions. Except for protein, all cell constituents including carbohydrates, RNA and DNA yielded significant cubic responses to Ds with the highest values at Ds of either 0·10 or 0·20 h−1. At Ds higher than 0·2 h−1, fermentation acid pattern shifted primarily from propionate and acetate to lactate production. Succinate also accumulated at the higher Ds (0·30 and 0·42 h−1). Glucose was most efficiently utilized by S. ruminantium D at 0·20 h−1 after which decreases in glucose and ATP yields were observed. Under energy limiting conditions, glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) appeared to be the major enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation suggesting that other potential ammonia incorporating enzymes were of little importance in ammonia assimilation in S. ruminantium D. GS exhibited lower activities than GDH at all Ds, which indicates that the bacterial growth rate is not a primary regulator of their activities. Conclusions: Studied dilution rates influenced cell composition, fermentation pattern and nitrogen assimilation of S. ruminantium strain D grown in glucose‐limited continuous culture. Significance and Impact of the Study: Selenomonas ruminantium D is an ecologically and evolutionary important bacterium in ruminants and is present under most rumen dietary conditions. Characterizing the growth physiology and ammonia assimilation enzymes of S. ruminantium D during glucose limitation at Ds, which simulate the liquid turnover rates in rumen, will provide a better understanding of how this micro‐organism responds to differing growth conditions.

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“…1976;Viviani 1976). Most rumen bacteria grow well using ammonia as the sole nitrogen source (Bryant & Robinson 1962;Allison 1969), and dairy cattle can be maintained on a protein-free synthetic diet containing urea as the sole nitrogen source (Virtanen 1970). The nutritional value of the urea, which is rapidly degraded to form ammonia in the rumen, is entirely dependent on its conversion to microbial protein.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Dietary Nitrogen on the Rumen Microbial Population in Lactating Dairy Cattle*

Teather¹,

Erfle²,

Boila³

et al. 1980

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Rumen bacteria populations were compared in four groups of six lactating Holstein cows maintained on a basal diet (9.4% crude protein) of maize silage plus concentrate, either without supplement, or supplemented to bring the crude protein content of the diet to approximately 12.5% with soybean meal, urea, or maize silage with urea added at the time of ensiling. The response to increased dietary nitrogen was dramatic, with a 33-36% increase in total dietary nitrogen level resulting in a 90% (urea) to 230% (urea silage or soybean meal) increase in bacterial numbers. Essentially all identified bacterial species responded to the dietary supplements. The greatest increases were observed among those bacterial species known to require branched chain volatile fatty acids for optimum growth in vitro, which included the predominant cellulose digesting organisms (Ruminococcus spp.) and Selenomonas spp., the dominant propionate producing species.

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Some Nutritional Characteristics of Predominant Culturable Ruminal Bacteria

Cited by 294 publications

References 33 publications

Streptococcus caprinus sp.nov., a tannin-resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats

Streptococcus caprinus sp.nov., a tannin-resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats

Dilution rates influence ammonia-assimilating enzyme activities and cell parameters of Selenomonas ruminantium strain D in continuous (glucose-limited) culture

Effect of Dietary Nitrogen on the Rumen Microbial Population in Lactating Dairy Cattle*

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