Some interactions of the pink bollworm and cotton fruiting structures

Westphal, D.; Gutiérrez, A. P.; Butler, G. D.

doi:10.3733/hilg.v47n05p177

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In contrast, the invasive stenophagous pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella, PBW), native to south Asia, is the key pest in the SW USA and in India where it attacks the standing crop of buds and fruit. It does not cause appreciable shedding though its feeding damage can greatly reduce yield and quality [21].…”

Section: The Cotton Pbdm Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Bt technology is not yield enhancing, and the modest yield gains that accrued by [11,18]. Pink bollworm attacks the standing crop of fruit and does not appreciably alter the control point [21] 2006 when Bt cotton adoption was less than 30%, were due to increased use of fertilizer and reduced use of insecticide [26,[28][29][30]. However, insecticide use began to increase reaching pre-Bt cotton levels by 2012, but now targeted induced hemipteran pests not controlled by Bt cotton [26,27,30].…”

Section: Socio-agroecological Context Of Indian Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

et al. 2020

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Background The implementation of hybrid Bt cotton unique to India has been heralded as a grand success by government agencies, seed companies and other proponents, and yet yields have stagnated at low levels and production costs have risen 2.5–3-fold. The low-yield hybrid cotton system of India contributes thousands of farmer suicides to the annual national toll. Conceptual and methodological barriers have hindered bioeconomic analysis of the ecological and social sustainability of such cross-scale agro-ecological problems in time and geographic space, under global technology and climate change. As a paradigm shift, we use conceptually simple, parameter-sparse, theoretically based, mechanistic, weather-driven physiologically based demographic models (PBDMs) to deconstruct the bio-economics of the Indian cotton system. Results Our analysis of Indian hybrid cotton system explains some extant ecological and economic problems, and suggests a viable solution. Specifically, the model accurately captured the age-stage mass dynamics of rainfed and irrigated cotton growth/development and the interactions with the key pest pink bollworm across five south-central Indian states, and enabled identification of proximate bioeconomic factors responsible for low yield and their relationship to farmer suicides. The results are reinforced by analysis of Ministry of Agriculture annual state-level data. We explain why short-season, high-density non-GM cotton is a highly viable solution for Indian cotton farmers in rainfed and irrigated cotton areas of the five states, and possibly nationally. The transition from a theoretical bioeconomic construct to a real-world regional bioeconomic analysis proved seamless. Conclusions The hybrid long-season Bt technology for rainfed and irrigated cotton is unique to India, and is a value capture mechanism. This technology is suboptimal leading to stagnant yields, high input costs, increased insecticide use, and low farmer incomes that increase economic distress that is a proximate cause of cotton farmer suicides. The current GM Bt technology adds costs in rainfed cotton without commensurate increases in yield. Non-GM pure-line high-density short-season varieties could double rainfed cotton yield, reduce costs, decrease insecticide use, and help ameliorate suicides. The GM hybrid technology is inappropriate for incorporation in short-season high-density varieties.

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Section: The Cotton Pbdm Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Socio-agroecological Context Of Indian Cottonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

et al. 2020

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“…In addition to the danger of inducing secondary pest outbreaks, three factors combined to reduce the use of pesticides against PBW in the early season. First, Butler and Henneberry (1976) and Westphal, Gutierrez, and Butler (1979) showed that although PBW infests squares, its feeding does not inhibit the squares from maturing and setting normal fruit. This meant that waiting to apply pesticides against PBW until there were significant numbers of susceptible bolls in the field would not significantly decrease cotton yields.…”

Section: History Of Pbw Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pink bollworm control in southwestern desert cotton: II. A strategic management model

Stone¹,

Gutiérrez²

1986

Hilg

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I. A Field-Oriented Simulation Model A simulation model for pink bollworm (PBW) and cotton was developed, field validated, and incorporated into an industry sponsored regional PBW management program for southwestern desert cotton. The PBW model differs from earlier versions in its' incorporation of stochastic development, the expansion of the concept of physiological time to include nutritional influences of the cotton host on larval development, and its ability to simulate the kinds of data typically collected by pest control advisors when monitoring cotton for pink bollworm. II. A Strategic Management Model A simulation model of pink bollworm populations, as affected by insecticide and pheromone applications in cotton, is described. The simulation results compared favorably to field data. The study indicates that use of sex pheromone for control of pink bollworm by mating disruption inversely depends on density and therefore is most effective in the early season when populations are low. Compared to untreated fields, pheromone-treated fields show delayed population peaks and reduced overall infestation. Pheromone applications in the early season delay but do not obviate the need to spray insecticide to limit infestation levels. Continued inside back cover.

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Physiologically based demographics of Bt cotton–pest interactions

Gutiérrez

Ponsard

2006

Ecological Modelling

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Some interactions of the pink bollworm and cotton fruiting structures

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

Bio-economics of Indian hybrid Bt cotton and farmer suicides

Pink bollworm control in southwestern desert cotton: II. A strategic management model

Physiologically based demographics of Bt cotton–pest interactions

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