Some insights of novel COVID 19 virus: structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects

Al-AAlim, Ammar M.; Hamad, Mohammad A.; AL-ledani, Ali A.

doi:10.33899/ijvs.2020.126898.1408

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Transfer factor has the ability to regulate the innate immune responses, which induce the synthesis of IFN-γ from NK cells (5). The innate and adaptive immune responses play a vital role in the prevention and control the mortality caused by COVID -19 infections (23,24). For this reason, the TF is recommended as adjuvant therapeutic agent in the prevention and control symptoms associated with COVID-19, this recommendation depending on several studies concerning the using of TF in the SARS-CoV-2 infection (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and immunological study of specific Mycobacterium bovis-BCG transfer factor in lambs

Nayyef¹,

Al-Graibawi²

2021

IJVS

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This study was designed to prepare and evaluate the specific Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) transfer factor (TF) from spleen cells of two lambs vaccinated subcutaneously S/C with BCG vaccine twice 2 weeks' intervals, similarly one lamb injected with normal saline used as a donor of non-specific TF. The lambs were clinically examined at zero time and along 3 days post each immunization, then, delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) was checked post 4 weeks. TF was obtained from spleen cells of the lambs, inspected for sterility; safety.TF was evaluated in 4 groups (five in each) of lambs 3-4 months old. The first group (recipient) was injected S/C with 2 ml of specific BCG-TF, similarly the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups were injected with nonspecific TF, BCG and normal saline respectively. The clinical signs and DTH test were checked as described above, only the specific TF recipient and BCG vaccinated lambs gave a positive DTH test. The serum concentration of inerlukin-17 (IL-17), interferongamma (IFN-γ) and migration inhibitory factor (MIF) cytokines were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which revealed a highly significant increase in the TF recipient lambs in comparison with the control and vaccinated groups. It concluded that the prepared specific M. bovis-BCG transfer factor was effective to induce cell mediated immunity via DTH and increasing the serum concentration of cytokines in recipient lambs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and immunological study of specific Mycobacterium bovis-BCG transfer factor in lambs

Nayyef¹,

Al-Graibawi²

2021

IJVS

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“…Table (1) shows the mean ± S.D of the level of ferritin The results revealed a considerable rise in the level of ferritin in the blood of patients infected with the developing corona virus when compared to healthy people., as shown in Fig ( 2) After the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an urgent need to search for indicators of disease severity and predict it at an early stage, to reduce medical stress and mortality. As an acute-phase protein that can occur in systemic inflammation, ferritin has been identified as discriminatory or predictive.…”

Section: Estimation Of Ferritin Level In Blood Serummentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Table (1) shows the mean ± S.D of the level C-reactive protein (CRP) in blood serum, as the results revealed a considerable increase in CRP levels in the blood of patients infected with the developing corona virus when compared to healthy people., as shown in Fig ( 1) Fig ( 1): -The average level of the C-reactive protein in the blood serum of the samples under study…”

Section: Estimation Of Crp Level In Blood Serummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2019, another type of coronavirus appeared, which is the Corona virus (COVID- 19), which was first reported in the Chinese city of Wuhan, and then cases of infection spread throughout the world, as One of the coronaviruses with RNA is the causal agent. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-enveloped, linear virus., which has the potential to target lung cells (1) . The virus began in Wuhan in The virus was first identified in late 2019 in China and was dubbed the 2019 Corona virus (2) by the World Health Organization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of the level of vitamin D3 in the blood serum of patients infected with COVID-19 in Al-Amiriya city

Shannak

Najim

Madab³

2022

biochemmed

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The researchers used 60 samples, 35 of which were infected with the developing corona virus and 25 of which were healthy and disease-free. Their ages ranged from 30 to 55, and the samples were taken from their homes. Al-Amiriya Hospital in An bare Governorate. After that, blood was collected from healthy and sick people and separated by centrifugation. The biochemical variables were Determination, including (CRP ,ferritin, Vit.D3) .In comparison to healthy people, people infected with the developing corona virus had significantly higher levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin in their blood serum, according to the findings of the current study. Also When compared to healthy people, Vit.D3 levels in blood serum of people infected with the developing corona virus were shown to be significantly lower.

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“…The source of SARS-CoV-2 is unknown, however, some genetic studies assumed that SARS-CoV-2 might be a result of a combination of two viruses including a bat SARS-like CoV and a coronavirus of unknown origin 4 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary surfactant in COVID-19; A role in etiology and treatment

Alkotaji¹,

Khalaf²

2020

IJP

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Introduction: Today, SARS-COV-2 infection represents a global threat. Dealing with this viral infection necessitates a comprehensive understanding of pathophysiology of the disease to reach to the suitable treatment. Treatment of this disease should not be restricted to the usual antiviral treatments, which suffered from several limitations including low effectiveness, development of virusresistant mutations and the unwanted side effects.Knowing that SARS-CoV-2 attack the machinery unit of production of surfactant in the lung, the alveolar type II cells, manifested the importance of this review article on the role of pulmonary surfactant in this disease and the possible role of pulmonary surfactant that can play in treating of COVID-19 patients.Objective: This work tried to clarify the important role of pulmonary surfactant in lung physiology and possible immune-modulatory effect. In addition, the constituents of pulmonary surfactant and their roles against COVID-19 complications is highlighted. This article suggested that surfactant therapy may have a role in COVID-19 therapy and this can be in a form of exogenous (synthetic) surfactant administrated through endotracheal tube or through aerosolization. The pros and cons of these methods of administration have been discussed. Moreover, a possible way of stimulation of endogenous surfactant by administrating a drug that stimulates the synthesis of surfactant has been suggested.

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Some insights of novel COVID 19 virus: structure, pathogenicity and immunity aspects

Cited by 8 publications

References 39 publications

Clinical and immunological study of specific Mycobacterium bovis-BCG transfer factor in lambs

Clinical and immunological study of specific Mycobacterium bovis-BCG transfer factor in lambs

Evaluation of the level of vitamin D3 in the blood serum of patients infected with COVID-19 in Al-Amiriya city

Pulmonary surfactant in COVID-19; A role in etiology and treatment

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