Some hydrodynamic properties of neutral suspensions of cellulose crystallites as related to size and shape

Marchessault, R. H.; Morehead, F. F.; Koch, M. H. J.

doi:10.1016/0095-8522(61)90033-2

Cited by 190 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Introduction of sulphate groups along the surface of the crystallites will result in a negative charge of the surface. This anionic stabilization via the attraction/repulsion forces of the electrical double layers at the crystallites is probably the reason for the stability of the colloidal suspensions of the crystallites [12]. However, upon drying the crystalline fragments were rod-like and aggregated to some extent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of solution cast cellulose nanofibre – reinforced poly(lactic acid)

Dongyan¹,

Yuan

Bhattacharyya³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

137

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Abstract. Cellulose nanofibres, 20 nm in diameter and 300 nm long, were prepared by acid hydrolysis of flax yarns. Composite films containing 2.5 and 5.0 wt% flax cellulose (FC) fibres were prepared by solution casting of mixtures of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) solution and cellulose nanofibre suspension in chloroform. The resulting composite films and solution cast pure PLA film, with thickness of around 160 μm, showed good transparency. For composites with 2.5 and 5.0 wt% FC, the tensile strength increased by 25 and 59% and tensile modulus by 42 and 47%, respectively, compared to pure PLA film. The composite film with 2.5 wt% FC combined high strength and ductility with tensile strength of 24.3 MPa and 70% elongation at break. Flax cellulose appeared to facilitate nucleation and subsequent crystallisation of PLA more effectively in the amorphous composites than in the crystalline composites.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of solution cast cellulose nanofibre – reinforced poly(lactic acid)

Dongyan¹,

Yuan

Bhattacharyya³

et al. 2010

Express Polym. Lett.

137

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“…In preparation of samples for TGA, the whiskers were ground to powder form. Decomposition profiles of TGA were recorded at a heating rate of 10 0 C/min between room temperature and 600 0 C in nitrogen (27,28) .…”

Section: Thermogravimetric Analysis (Tga)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulation of the Nanostructural Characteristics of Cellulose Nanowhiskers via Sulfuric Acid Concentration

2013

Egypt. J. Chem.

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ELLULOSE nanowhiskers (CNW) were synthesized from native cotton cellulose as per the acid hydrolysis methods. Thus Egyptian cotton slivers, after being purified, were subjected to three sulfuric acid concentrations, viz. 55%, 60% and 65% (w/w) at 60 0 C for 60 min. The yield of CNW attains values of 65%, 57% and 50%, respectively. The amorphous regions along with thinner as well as shorter crystallites spreaded throughout the cellulose structure are digested by the acid leaving CNW suspension. The latter could be freeze-dried and CNW powder could be achieved. A thorough investigation pertaining to nanostructural characteristics of CNW was performed. These characteristics could be monitored using TEM for morphology, sizes and size distribution, XRD for degree of crystallinity and crystalline structure, FTIR spectra for following the changes in functionality and TGA for studying the sample weight loss as a function of temperature. Based on the results obtained CNW prepared using 60% w/w sulfuric acid are nominated as the best candidate within the range studied in the area of reinforcement by virtue of their salient features.Nowadays, nanotechnology is one of the most promising venues of scientific and technological development and is anticipated to grow progressively in the coming years. By and large nanotechnology is defined as creation of functional materials, devices and systems through control of matter on the nanometer length scale (1-100 nanometers) along with exploitation of novel phenomena and properties (physical, chemical, biological) at that length scale (1,2) . Nanomaterials acquire salient properties and structures at the nanometer scale (at least one dimension is < 100 nm). This, indeed, evoked the attention of scientists and engineers in physics, chemistry, materials, information technology, and even bioscience (3) .The use of cellulosic fibers as reinforcing elements in polymeric matrix has been the subject of a good deal of work over the last two decades. Essential reasons for this is the possibility of replacing conventional fibers such as glass by natural cellulosic fibers in reinforced composites due to the abundance, C

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“…8,9 Particles are generally elongated and°at, a few hundreds of nanometers long, 10 nm to 20 nm wide, and a few nanometer thick. 10,11 Several studies about preparation and characterization of NCCs from MCCs also exist. 12,13 Compared with cellulose nanowhiskers extracted from industrial bioresidue, those isolated from MCCs by acid hydrolysis show higher surface charge and crystallinity, as well as lower aggregation and degradation temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Size and Dispersity of Microcrystalline Celluloses on Size, Structure and Stability of Nanocrystalline Celluloses Extracted by Acid Hydrolysis

Liu

Hao²,

Yang

et al. 2014

Nano LIFE

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Nanocrystalline celluloses (NCCs) were separated from four commercial microcrystalline celluloses (MCCs) by an acid hydrolysis-sonication treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, X-ray di®raction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were conducted to investigate the NCCs. MCCs with di®erent morphologies and particle sizes showed di®erent aggregation degrees. The aggregation of MCCs followed the order MCC1 > MCC3 > MCC2 > MCC4, which is the same order of the heights of the resulting NCCs. The best uniformity and thermal stability were characterized for NCC3, which was produced by MCC3 with smallest original particle size and good dispersity among the four MCCs. This result suggests that both the original particle size and dispersity of MCCs had signi¯cant e®ects on separated NCCs.

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Some hydrodynamic properties of neutral suspensions of cellulose crystallites as related to size and shape

Cited by 190 publications

References 13 publications

Characterisation of solution cast cellulose nanofibre – reinforced poly(lactic acid)

Characterisation of solution cast cellulose nanofibre – reinforced poly(lactic acid)

Modulation of the Nanostructural Characteristics of Cellulose Nanowhiskers via Sulfuric Acid Concentration

Effects of Size and Dispersity of Microcrystalline Celluloses on Size, Structure and Stability of Nanocrystalline Celluloses Extracted by Acid Hydrolysis

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