Some Hatchery Factors Involved in Early Chick Mortality

Kingston, D. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1979.tb05593.x

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This finding is not new, but the numeric estimations from this study support a recommendation to remove chicks out of the hatcher at least once before the traditionally used period of 504 hours of incubation (21 days). Removing chicks that hatch earlier and providing them immediately with feed and water has been shown to improve subsequent growth compared to what is achieved by birds placed with those that hatch later (Hager & Beane, 1983;Fanguy et al, 1980;Kingston, 1979;Williams et al, 1951;Wyatt et al, 1985).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hatching distribution of eggs varying in weight and breeder age

Vieira

Almeida

Lima

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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Broiler chicks from one incubator hatch within long periods of time, which leads to dehydration and reduction in yolk sac reserves of those chicks that have hatched earlier and potentially impairs early performance. The present research investigated the hatching distribution at intervals of incubation using eggs of different weights within one breeder age or eggs from widely different breeder ages. Eggs from breeders at 27 and 59 weeks of age (54 and 69 g) and from breeders at 40 weeks of age, which were graded as light (58 g) and heavy (73 g), were placed in a commercial incubator. There were a total of 1,184 eggs distributed in four treatments and eight replicates: eggs from 27-week-old breeders (27B), eggs from 59-week-old breeders (59B), light eggs from 40-week-old breeders (40BL) and heavy eggs from 40-weekold breeders (40BH). Replicates were comprised of 37 eggs that were placed in each incubator tray. The treatments were physically separated from each other using a plate. Eggs were transferred to a hatcher after 432 hours of incubation and the first chick hatched at 449 hours of incubation. Afterwards, the number of completely hatched chicks from each replicate was recorded at six-hour intervals until 503 hours of incubation, when the hatchings stopped. Hatched chicks were removed from the trays after each measurement. Data were submitted to an analysis of variance with repeated measures. There was a significant interaction between breeder age and incubation length. The hatching onset of eggs from the old breeders was later compared to young breeders. Hatchability (%incubated eggs) was lower for the old breeders; however, differences in hatchability as a percentage of the hatched eggs were not so evident. Complete hatchability occurred only at 503 hours of incubation; however, more than 90% eggs had hatched 18 hours earlier.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hatching distribution of eggs varying in weight and breeder age

Vieira

Almeida

Lima

et al. 2005

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…Another factor, which can possibly explain the absence of increased mortality in birds hatched in the Patio system, is the immediate access to feed and water compared with the delay to which chicks in hatchery practice were exposed. Delays in the moment of first feed and water supply for the birds hatched in the hatchery were related to increased mortality in broiler flocks (Kingston, 1979;Carver et al, 2002;Chou et al, 2004).…”

Section: Chick Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…If long transporta-tion is involved, this period may be increased up to 72 h. Suboptimal conditions during transport and a delay in the moment of placement and the first feed and water intake are associated with higher early mortality in chicks and poults (Kingston, 1979;Carver et al, 2002;Chou et al, 2004) and impaired performance throughout the growout period (Halevy et al, 2000;Gonzales et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of a combined hatching and brooding system on hatchability, chick weight, and mortality in broilers

Ven¹,

Wagenberg²,

Koerkamp

et al. 2009

Poultry Science

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Chicks hatch over a time window of approximately 36 to 48 h and are removed from the hatchers only when the majority of the chicks has hatched. Consequently, chicks are exposed to prolonged posthatch holding periods and delays in feed and water access, leading to dehydration and impaired posthatch performance. It is questionable whether the physiological requirements of the hatchlings can be met with current hatching systems. An alternative system that may better match the requirements of the hatchlings is a system that combines the hatching and brooding phase, so that feed and water can be provided immediately after hatch. Such a system, named Patio, was developed in the Netherlands and tested from 2006 to 2008, to evaluate effects on hatchability and early performance of broilers. This paper describes the Patio system and the results from these tests. A total of 21 broiler production trials (780,686 eggs) in the Patio system were evaluated at 3 locations and compared with control hatches of eggs of the same parental flock in the hatchery. Hatchability in the Patio was on average 1.45, 1.83, and 1.86% higher at location 1, 2, and 3, respectively. However, in the calculation of the hatchability in the Patio, possible second grade chicks were included, whereas these were excluded in the calculation of hatchability in the hatchery. Additionally, in the hatchery, the hatching process was interrupted earlier than in the Patio, meaning that possible late hatching chicks remained in the flock in the Patio, but not in the hatchery. In 3 trials, the Patio chicks were 11.6 to 16.3% heavier at d 0, when the hatchery chicks were placed in the broiler house. Mean cumulative 7-d mortality was only assessed in the Patio and was 1.27, 1.09, and 1.43% at location 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The Patio system appears to function as an alternative to current hatching and brooding systems. Further studies are required to determine to what extent the higher hatchability is due to second grade and to late hatching chicks.

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“…Kingston (1979) observed that chicks held in the hatcher for 48 h after hatching became dehydrated and had higher mortality than those removed soon after hatch. Misra and Fanguy (1978) reported that holding chicks in the hatcher 32 to 48 h posthatch reduced chick placement weights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Research Note: Effect of Posthatch Holding Time on Performance and on Residual Yolk and Liver Composition

Nir

Levanon

1993

Poultry Science

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An experiment was carried out to determine the importance of holding time after hatching on the performance of male broiler chickens. This was done by transferring the chicks from the hatchery to the poultry house at intervals of 24 h. The weight and composition of the yolk residue on time of transfer were also determined. At 21 and 40 days of age, feed intake and body weight were inversely related to the period of holding. The chicks did not compensate for their posthatching body weight loss. The growth retardation caused by 24-and 48-h holding was equivalent at market age to 1 or 2 days body weight gain, respectively. There were no differences among treatments for feed utilization or mortality. (

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Some Hatchery Factors Involved in Early Chick Mortality

Cited by 21 publications

References 3 publications

Hatching distribution of eggs varying in weight and breeder age

Hatching distribution of eggs varying in weight and breeder age

Effects of a combined hatching and brooding system on hatchability, chick weight, and mortality in broilers

Research Note: Effect of Posthatch Holding Time on Performance and on Residual Yolk and Liver Composition

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