Some Experiments on Totalizers

Yoshida, S.; Saito, Kenich

doi:10.5331/seppyo.17.2_8

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The precipitation gauge displayed an undercatch of snowfall induced by the wind; therefore, adjustment of precipitation measurements was necessary to obtain the true precipitation amount (Goodison et al, 1998). The measured precipitation was calibrated by following Equation () of the catch ratio

CR

proposed by Yoshida and Saito (1956):

CR = \frac{1}{1 - m u_{G}},

where,

m

is a coefficient that depends on the gauge type and precipitation type and

u_{G}

is wind speed (m s −1 ) at the height of the gauge opening. For calibration, we used

m = 0.6

and

m = 0.26

for dry and wet snow, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Modelling of snow interception on a Japanese cedar canopy based on weighing tree experiment in a warm winter region

Katsushima

Kato

Aiura

et al. 2023

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Snow interception by tree canopy affects the water and energy budgets. Several snow interception models have been proposed to estimate the temporal change of intercepted snow on the tree canopy from meteorological data. However, most models are based on a few observational results at limited sites or some conceptual understandings and assumptions; they still need more observational evidence and more detailed descriptions in the parameterization model for snow accumulation and snow unloading response to various meteorological conditions. A weighing tree experiment that measures the intercepted snow on the cut Japanese cedar trees was conducted in Tokamachi, Japan, to investigate the relationship between meteorological conditions and the change of intercepted snow. The results showed that the interception efficiency, which shows the ratio of intercepted snow to the total precipitation, increased with increasing air temperature in the range from À4.2 to 0 C due to increased adhesion and cohesion of snow. The maximum interception capacity was not present in observations such as an air temperature range. The unloading of intercepted snow from the canopy induced by snowmelt was related to air temperature, solar radiation, and intercepted snow amount. The snow unloading caused by wind-blowing intercepted snow off the tree, started to develop at wind speeds exceeding 0.8 m s À1 . The wind-induced snow unloading rate coefficient increased as the wind speed increased. This study proposed a new parameterization model of snow interception based on these observations. It is the only snow interception model to use solar radiation in the snow unloading parameterization. It found that simulated and observed temporal changes of intercepted snow correlated well. Nevertheless, there were significant errors between the simulated and observed intercepted snow on several snowfall events because the model could not accurately assess the occurrence of snow unloading due to snowmelt.

show abstract

CR

proposed by Yoshida and Saito (1956):

CR = \frac{1}{1 - m u_{G}},

where,

m

is a coefficient that depends on the gauge type and precipitation type and

u_{G}

is wind speed (m s −1 ) at the height of the gauge opening. For calibration, we used

m = 0.6

and

m = 0.26

for dry and wet snow, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The measured precipitation was calibrated by following Equation (1) of the catch ratio CR proposed by Yoshida and Saito (1956):…”

Section: Meteorological Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling of snow interception on a Japanese cedar canopy based on weighing tree experiment in a warm winter region

Katsushima

Kato

Aiura

et al. 2023

Hydrological Processes

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In Japan, the Automated Meteorological Data Acquisition System (AMeDAS), which is operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), comprises approximately 1,300 precipitation data stations (Figure ). A method for the adjustment for systematic biases of JMA rain gauge data is available (e.g., Ohno et al, ; Omiya & Matsuzawa, ; Yoshida, ; Yokoyama et al, ), which constitutes a function of wind speed, precipitation type (rain/snow), and gauge type. This equation can be applied to daily gridded precipitation data such as the APHRO_JP data set (Kamiguchi et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Daily Adjustment for Wind‐Induced Precipitation Undercatch of Daily Gridded Precipitation in Japan

Masuda

Yatagai

Kamiguchi

et al. 2019

Earth and Space Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The northern Japan facing the Japan Sea is known for its heavy snowfall. As snowfall is of great importance as a water resource, accurate measurements are required. We develop an optimal method for adjustment of wind‐induced precipitation undercatch for rain‐gauge‐based daily gridded precipitation data in Japan. In Japan Meteorological Agency's surface observation network, wind speed data are not measured at all precipitation stations; therefore, we tested three approaches for applying wind correction using four years' observational data (2009–2012). First, we interpolate corrected precipitation by using only stations, which measure wind; second, we define gridded correction parameters, interpolate uncorrected precipitation of all stations, and adjust gridded precipitation; third, we interpolate corrected precipitation by using wind data of Japan Meteorological Agency's surface network and a reanalysis at the stations where wind are not measured. Water budget analysis over the mountainous regions (dam's catchments) indicated that the best result among the three was obtained by compensating wind speed using high‐resolution meteorological reanalysis data, followed by a method that applies daily correction parameters to daily gridded precipitation data. The best method increased the winter (December–February) precipitation amount by 12.7% in northern Japan, and the bias in the annual hydrological balance was reduced from 33% to 26% over the mountainous terrain. Proper consideration of the rain gauge meta information, such as the existence/absence of a wind shield, is critically important for quantitative assessment of solid precipitation, especially in regions of heavy snowfall such as northern Japan.

show abstract

Some Experiments on Totalizers

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Modelling of snow interception on a Japanese cedar canopy based on weighing tree experiment in a warm winter region

Modelling of snow interception on a Japanese cedar canopy based on weighing tree experiment in a warm winter region

Daily Adjustment for Wind‐Induced Precipitation Undercatch of Daily Gridded Precipitation in Japan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About