Some experimental and theoretical observations on the kinetics of hydration reactions with particular reference to serpentinization

Martin, B.; Fyfe, W. S.

doi:10.1016/0009-2541(70)90018-5

Cited by 251 publications

(241 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, the authors of that study suggested that this low temperature reflects re-equilibration of hydrogen isotopes after serpentinization at 110-150˚C. Experimental studies suggest that hydration reactions are generally geologically fast (e.g., at 245˚C with a rock/water ratio of 2.5/1, ~28% enstatite converts to serpentine within 6 days; Martin and Fyfe, 1970) and, in most circumstances, the rate limiting step is transport of water to the reaction site rather than the temperature-dependent kinetics of the reaction itself (Martin and Fyfe, 1970). We conclude that it is plausible to imagine silicate hydration on the CM parent bodies occurring at temperatures as low as 28˚C, although a more definitive understanding of this problem will require further experimental studies of the kinetics of silicate hydration at such low temperatures.…”

Section: Temperatures Of Aqueous Alteration and Isotopic Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites

Guo

Eiler

2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

219

214

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Section: Temperatures Of Aqueous Alteration and Isotopic Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites

Guo

Eiler

2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

219

214

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“…S3). The reaction rate for serpentinization as a function of temperature has a maximum value at Ϸ260°C over a range of pressure (35), whereas the rate of carbonation is optimized at, for example, 185°C and 150 bars CO 2 pressure. * We fit data on rates of serpentinization of olivine with grain size 58-79 m (35) and carbonation of olivine with grain size Յ75 m* as a function of temperature and CO 2 partial pressure, yielding a serpentinization rate (Fig.…”

Section: Enhancing Rates Of Peridotite Carbonation In Situmentioning

confidence: 99%

In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO₂storage

Kelemen

Matter

2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

569

502

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The rate of natural carbonation of tectonically exposed mantle peridotite during weathering and low-temperature alteration can be enhanced to develop a significant sink for atmospheric CO 2. Natural carbonation of peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, an uplifted slice of oceanic crust and upper mantle in the Sultanate of Oman, is surprisingly rapid. Carbonate veins in mantle peridotite in Oman have an average 14 C age of Ϸ26,000 years, and are not 30 -95 million years old as previously believed. These data and reconnaissance mapping show that Ϸ10 4 to 10 5 tons per year of atmospheric CO 2 are converted to solid carbonate minerals via peridotite weathering in Oman. Peridotite carbonation can be accelerated via drilling, hydraulic fracture, input of purified CO 2 at elevated pressure, and, in particular, increased temperature at depth. After an initial heating step, CO 2 pumped at 25 or 30°C can be heated by exothermic carbonation reactions that sustain high temperature and rapid reaction rates at depth with little expenditure of energy. In situ carbonation of peridotite could consume >1 billion tons of CO 2 per year in Oman alone, affording a low-cost, safe, and permanent method to capture and store atmospheric CO 2.alteration and weathering ͉ carbon capture ͉ exothermic ͉ carbon sequestration ͉ mineral R ecognition that anthropogenic CO 2 input to the atmosphere has substantially increased atmospheric CO 2 concentration, and that increased CO 2 may drive rapid global warming, has focused attention on carbon capture and storage (1). One storage option is conversion of CO 2 gas to stable, solid carbonate minerals such as calcite (CaCO 3 ) and magnesite (MgCO 3 ) (2). Natural carbonation of peridotite by weathering and lowtemperature alteration is common. Enhanced natural processes in situ may provide an important, hitherto neglected alternative to ex situ mineral carbonation ''at the smokestack.'' In this article, we evaluate the rate of natural carbonation of mantle peridotite in the Samail ophiolite, Sultanate of Oman, and then show that under certain circumstances exothermic peridotite alteration (serpentinization, carbonation) can sustain high temperature and rapid reaction with carbonation up to 1 million times faster than natural rates, potentially consuming billions of tons of atmospheric CO 2 per year. In situ mineral carbonation for CO 2 storage should be evaluated as an alternative to ex situ methods, because it exploits the chemical potential energy inherent in tectonic exposure of mantle peridotite at the Earth's surface, does not require extensive transport and treatment of solid reactants, and requires less energy for maintaining optimal temperature and pressure.Tectonically exposed peridotite from the Earth's upper mantle, and its hydrous alteration product serpentinite, have been considered promising reactants for conversion of atmospheric CO 2 to solid carbonate (3). However, engineered techniques for ex situ mineral carbonation have many challenges. Kinetics is slow unless olivine and serpentine ...

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“…The serpentinisation rate is highest at temperatures close to 300 °C (Martin and Fyfe, 1970). At lower temperatures, slow reactions limit the overall rate, whereas at higher temperatures, the approach to equilibrium decreases the chemical affinity of the hydration reaction.…”

Section: Fracture Patternsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Sculpting of Rocks by Reactive Fluids

Jamtveit¹,

Hammer²

2012

Geochem Persp

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Some experimental and theoretical observations on the kinetics of hydration reactions with particular reference to serpentinization

Cited by 251 publications

References 9 publications

Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites

Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites

In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO₂storage

Sculpting of Rocks by Reactive Fluids

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Some experimental and theoretical observations on the kinetics of hydration reactions with particular reference to serpentinization

Cited by 251 publications

References 9 publications

Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites

Temperatures of aqueous alteration and evidence for methane generation on the parent bodies of the CM chondrites

In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO2storage

Sculpting of Rocks by Reactive Fluids

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Product

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In situ carbonation of peridotite for CO₂storage