Sculpting of Rocks by Reactive Fluids

Jamtveit, Bjørn; Hammer, Øyvind

doi:10.7185/geochempersp.1.3

Cited by 65 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 177 publications

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“…result of reaction-induced fracturing is the initial acceleration of the replacement rate due to the generation of new reactive surface area(Jamtveit and Austrheim 2010;Majumdar et al 2014;Røyne et al 2008). Several serpentinization experiments have demonstrated the importance of new surface area generation as replacement is arrested after a limited time despite a high initial rate of replacement in the absence of fracture formation(Godard et al 2013;Malvoisin and Brunet 2014) Jamtveit and Hammer (2012). note that fluids infiltrating the newly generated fractures result in new etch pits forming due to anisotropic dissolution, which facilitates hierarchal fracturing, often resulting in a mesh-like texture (Fig.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Textural and compositional complexities resulting from coupled dissolution–reprecipitation reactions in geomaterials

Altree-Williams

Pring

Ngothai

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

129

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mentioning

confidence: 98%

Textural and compositional complexities resulting from coupled dissolution–reprecipitation reactions in geomaterials

Altree-Williams

Pring

Ngothai

et al. 2015

Earth-Science Reviews

129

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“…First, a first sapropel layer with enhanced organic matter flux is deposited. This is followed by the deposition of an organic matter-poor layer enriched in detrital iron Fe(OH) 3 . A layer of organic matter-poor material ('normal' sediment) is then deposited, followed by the top sapropel layer.…”

Section: (Iii) Pyrite Bands In Sapropelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(a) Microbial decomposition of organic matter (CH 2 O) by reduction of sulfate and iron hydroxides (ferrihydrite Fe(OH) 3 ) and by methanogenetic fermentation:…”

Section: (Iii) Pyrite Bands In Sapropelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-organized rhythmic patterns in geochemical systems

L’Heureux

2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Chemical oscillating patterns are ubiquitous in geochemical systems. Although many such patterns result from systematic variations in the external environmental conditions, it is recognized that some patterns are due to intrinsic self-organized processes in a non-equilibrium nonlinear system with positive feedback. In rocks and minerals, periodic precipitation (Liesegang bands) and oscillatory zoning constitute good examples of patterns that can be explained using concepts from nonlinear dynamics. Generally, as the system parameters exceed some threshold values, the steady (time-independent) state characterizing the system loses its stability. The system then evolves towards other time-dependent solutions (‘attractors’) that may have an oscillatory behaviour or a complex chaotic one. In this review, we describe many of these pattern types taken from a variety of geological environments: eruptive, sedimentary, hydrothermal or metamorphic. One particular example (periodic precipitation of pyrite bands in an evolving sapropel sediment) is presented here for the first time. This will help in convincing the reader that the tools of nonlinear dynamics may be useful to understand the history of our planet.

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“…Shock et al 2002;Jamtveit and Hammer 2012). Serpentinization converts olivine and pyroxene to serpentine, other Fe-Mg minerals (magnetite, brucite, talc) and free molecular hydrogen (Eq.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preserved organic matter in a fossil Ocean Continent Transition in the Alps: the example of Totalp, SE Switzerland

Mateeva¹,

Wolff²,

Manatschal³

et al. 2017

Swiss J Geosci

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Evidence from ultraslow spreading mid-ocean ridges and both fossil and present-day Ocean-Continent Transitions (OCT) demonstrates that mantle serpentinization resulting from the interaction of mantle rock and water during tectonic exhumation is widespread. Observations at white smokers in modern ocean settings suggest that methane produced by serpentinization can support methanotrophic bio-systems, which use methane as the only source of carbon. An important question is whether such bio-systems are more generally pervasive in their association with serpentinized mantle in the subsurface. In this study, we examined whether there is evidence for such a methanotrophic system in exhumed serpentinized mantle at a magma-poor rifted continental margin, by probing for characteristic biological markers in these and associated sedimentary rocks in the Totalp unit of SE Switzerland. This unit represents a remnant of the former OCT of the southern Alpine Tethyan margin and was chosen because of its mild Alpine tectonic and low-grade metamorphic overprint during Alpine orogeny, hence giving potential for the preservation of indigenous organic matter (OM). Totalp samples are characterized by low organic carbon contents of 11-647 ppm. The majority of the samples contain hydrocarbons in the form of n-alkanes in the range C 17 -C 36 . Some sediments contain isoprenoids, for example pristane and phytane and a suite of steranes that are consistent with a marine origin for the OM preserved in the rocks. Traces of marine planktonic and bacterial OM are preserved in the serpentinized mantle and overlying sediments of this ancient Tethyan OCT, but there is no evidence that the OM has been generated from methanotrophic bio-systems.

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Sculpting of Rocks by Reactive Fluids

Cited by 65 publications

References 177 publications

Textural and compositional complexities resulting from coupled dissolution–reprecipitation reactions in geomaterials

Textural and compositional complexities resulting from coupled dissolution–reprecipitation reactions in geomaterials

Self-organized rhythmic patterns in geochemical systems

Preserved organic matter in a fossil Ocean Continent Transition in the Alps: the example of Totalp, SE Switzerland

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