Some Evidence on the Distribution of Air Quality

Asch, Peter; Seneca, Joseph J.

doi:10.2307/3145999

Cited by 75 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Asch and Seneca (1978) found different results at the national level than when they focused on cities and concluded that national analysis was too aggregated. McMaster et al (1997) at the 95% confidence level.…”

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confidence: 90%

Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?

Baden¹,

Noonan

Turaga

2007

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

119

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Many empirical environmental justice (EJ) studies lack a systematic framework in which to undertake research and interpret results. This paper characterizes the conventional EJ study and examines how results can be influenced by the choice of the spatial scale and scope of analysis.After thoroughly examining a sample of prominent EJ studies, a conventional EJ study is performed for (Superfund) National Priorities List sites. The sensitivity of these results to changes in scale and scope choices demonstrates the observed inconsistency in the empirical literature. Implications for interpreting existing EJ research and conducting future EJ research are discussed.

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confidence: 90%

Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?

Baden¹,

Noonan

Turaga

2007

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management

119

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“…Assessing the distribution of air pollutant concentrations has shown whether pollution abatement has been progressive or regressive (Asch and Seneca 1978). The changes in ozone concentrations in attainment and nonattainment areas illustrate how some emissions-intensive industrial production grew faster in those areas with a lower regulatory burden (Henderson 1996).…”

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confidence: 99%

Divergence in State-Level Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Aldy¹

2007

Land Economics

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Decisionmakers considering policies to mitigate climate change will benefit from information about current and future distributions of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions. Examining the emissions dynamics of advanced economies that have experienced income convergence could provide insights about how distributions of country-level emissions may evolve over time if country-level incomes eventually undergo some convergence. This paper addresses the question of whether income convergence is sufficient for per capita CO 2 emissions convergence by focusing on a set of advanced economies, the U.S. states. I undertake a variety of cross-sectional and stochastic convergence tests with two novel measures of 1960-1999 state-level CO 2 emissions per capita-production (pre-electricity trade) CO 2 and consumption (post-electricity trade) CO 2 -and with income per capita. Although incomes continue to converge, I find stark divergence in production CO 2 per capita and no evidence of convergence for consumption CO 2 per capita. Forecasts of future distributions show little convergence in emissions.

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“…- 21 For example, air pollution in New Haven, Connecticut 20 and in Cleveland, Ohio 10 is not distributed inequitably by race. In Texas, white, middle-class working people live near five major air pollution areas.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…21 Two approaches have generally been used to study the relationship between the socioeconomic characteristics of population and the distribution of air pollution. 10 One of them is an economic damage approach, which measures pollution damage (or benefits of avoiding pollution) according to people's willingness to pay to avoid exposure to the risks or pollution. Since the rich are generally willing to pay more than the poor to avoid exposure to a given level of pollution or risk, this approach naturally could lead to the conclusion that damage associated with pollution is progressively distributed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Urban Ozone Plumes and Population Distribution by Income and Race: A Case Study of New York and Philadelphia

Liu

1996

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Who lives in the downwind areas of urban ozone plumes? Location theory suggests that the poor should disproportionately populate the downwind area, while the rich are most likely to live outside urban ozone plumes. Dynamically, we would expect that the downwind area would become poorer over time because the rich would "vote with their feet" under the serious impacts of urban ozone plumes. However, the importance of urban ozone pollution could be discounted due to the public's risk perception. According to risk and air quality perception literature, one would expect that the public would likely perceive ozone air pollution as a relatively low risk, compared with other environmental risks and social concerns. Therefore, actual population distribution might not follow what location theory suggests. Who actually does live in the downwind areas of urban ozone plumes? The results from a case study of New York and Philadelphia show that the ozone downwind areas are currently populated by a considerably larger proportion of upper income households and whites than the source areas. Furthermore, the population dynamics data do not provide any evidence for the "vote with their feet" hypothesis. While these findings deviate from the hypotheses prescribed by location theory, they are consistent with what we could expect from theories of risk perception.

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Some Evidence on the Distribution of Air Quality

Cited by 75 publications

References 0 publications

Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?

Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?

Divergence in State-Level Per Capita Carbon Dioxide Emissions

Urban Ozone Plumes and Population Distribution by Income and Race: A Case Study of New York and Philadelphia

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