Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?

Baden, Brett M.; Noonan, Douglas S.; Turaga, Rama Mohana R.

doi:10.1080/09640560601156433

Cited by 119 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…from environmental justice literature in other contexts suggest that evidence of inequity can vary by the size of the unit of analysis (Baden et al, 2007;Noonan, 2008;Ringquist, 2005;Tan and Samsudin, 2017). Urban forestry studies have used a variety of geographic units, including plots (Conway and Bourne, 2013), parcels (Shakeel, 2012), census block groups (Landry and Chakraborty, 2009;Schwarz et al, 2015) and census tracts Jenerette et al, 2007).…”

Section: Level Of Aggregation-findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Urban Forests and Race: A Meta-Analysis

Watkins

Gerrish

2017

SSRN Journal

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There is ample evidence that urban trees benefit the physical, mental, and social health of urban residents. The environmental justice hypothesis posits that environmental amenities are inequitably low in poor and minority communities, and predicts these communities experience fewer urban environmental benefits. Some previous research has found that urban forest cover is inequitably distributed by race, though other studies have found no relationship or negative inequity. These conflicting results and the single-city nature of the current literature suggest a need for a research synthesis. Using a systematic literature search and meta-analytic techniques, we examined the relationship between urban forest cover and race. First, we estimated the average (unconditional) relationship between urban forest cover and race across studies (studies = 40; effect sizes = 388). We find evidence of significant race-based inequity in urban forest cover. Second, we included characteristics of the original studies and study sites in meta-regressions to illuminate drivers of variation of urban forest cover between studies. Our meta-regressions reveal that the relationship varies across racial groups and by study methodology. Models reveal significant inequity on public land and that environmental and social characteristics of cities help explain variation across studies. As tree planting and other urban forestry programs proliferate, urban forestry professionals are encouraged to consider the equity consequences of urban forestry activities, particularly on public land.

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Section: Level Of Aggregation-findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Urban Forests and Race: A Meta-Analysis

Watkins

Gerrish

2017

SSRN Journal

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“…Significant research on landscape models has addressed the implications of the choice of "grain size" (see e.g. Baden et al, 2007;Lam and Quattrochi, 1992;Qi and Wu, 1996;Wu, 2004, for a review). There have been important methodological advances in this field, such as e.g.…”

Section: Zoning Issues In Transport-related Spatial Analysis Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial cohesion impacts of high-speed rail under different zoning systems

Ortega

López

Monzón

2014

Journal of Transport Geography

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ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords:High-speed rail (HSR) MAUP Zoning systems Accessibility indicators Territorial cohesion effects Large-scale transport infrastructure projects such as high-speed rail (HSR) produce significant effects on the spatial distribution of accessibility. These effects, commonly known as territorial cohesion effects, are receiving increasing attention in the research literature. However, there is little empirical research into the sensitivity of these cohesion results to methodological issues such as the definition of the limits of the study area or the zoning system. In a previous paper (Ortega et al., 2012), we investigated the influence of scale issues, comparing the cohesion results obtained at four different planning levels. This paper makes an additional contribution to our research with the investigation of the influence of zoning issues. We analyze the extent to which changes in the size of the units of analysis influence the measurement of spatial inequalities. The methodology is tested by application to the Galician (north-western) HSR corridor, with a length of nearly 670 km, included in the Spanish PEIT (Strategic Transport and Infrastructure Plan) 2005-2020. We calculated the accessibility indicators for the Galician HSR corridor and assessed their corresponding territorial distribution. We used five alternative zoning systems depending on the method of data representation used (vector or raster), and the level of detail (cartographic accuracy or cell size). Our results suggest that the choice between a vector-based and raster-based system has important implications. The vector system produces a higher mean accessibility value and a more polarized accessibility distribution than raster systems. The increased pixel size of raster-based systems tends to give rise to higher mean accessibility values and a more balanced accessibility distribution. Our findings strongly encourage spatial analysts to acknowledge that the results of their analyses may vary widely according to the definition of the units of analysis.

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“…Structuring data to visualize indicators at a disaggregate level and enabling comparison of the Nordstadt with the entire district and even across different districts of Dortmund was particularly relevant to understand spatial inequalities as stated by the participants while working on the MapTable. This supports the fact that spatial inequalities are a relative phenomenon rather than an absolute phenomenon and the existence of spatial inequalities in an area can only be ascertained after knowing what is going on in other parts of the city [78,79]. However, some tensions and resistances also surfaced, as one participant stated that the lack of small-scaled data at block level limited their analysis.…”

Section: Workhop Process: Enabling Active Stakeholder Participationmentioning

confidence: 95%

Interactive Knowledge Co-Production and Integration for Healthy Urban Development

Shrestha

Köckler²,

Flacke

et al. 2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:The transformation of cities towards healthy urban living environments for all is a challenge that needs to be addressed through collaboration of all relevant sectors in a transdisciplinary research processes. This paper reports on the design and showcase implementation of a methodological approach, named Interactive Spatial Understanding Support System (ISUSS), that is intended to support interactive knowledge co-production and integration among practitioners and researcher in a specific local context. The approach involves the combined use of interactive maps on a MapTable and a rich picture. The goal is to stimulate, articulate and map stakeholders' knowledge on environmental health issues to come to a shared problem understanding. Drawing on the rich seam of data gathered over the reflexive engagement with the participants in Dortmund, Germany, we explored incidences of a transdisciplinary process. Findings suggest that the approach has the potential to encourage communication and social learning geared towards a shared understanding of the holistic problem situation. Whilst locally embedded spatial knowledge was shared using interactive maps on the MapTable, the rich picture elicited issues linked to wider geographical scale as well as non-spatial drivers. The paper concludes discussing research needs to further explore the approach among various other groups, including citizens.

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Scales of justice: Is there a geographic bias in environmental equity analysis?

Cited by 119 publications

References 94 publications

The Relationship Between Urban Forests and Race: A Meta-Analysis

The Relationship Between Urban Forests and Race: A Meta-Analysis

Territorial cohesion impacts of high-speed rail under different zoning systems

Interactive Knowledge Co-Production and Integration for Healthy Urban Development

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