Some Effects of the Need for Cognition on Course Grades

Leone, Christopher; Dalton, Charles H.

doi:10.2466/pms.1988.67.1.175

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…These results offer opportunities to carry out further research on the NFC, using the METQ, and this concept's importance for educational attainments in Sweden. With regard to the present study, and previous studies, it seems reasonable to assume that individuals with higher NFC will outperform individuals with lower NFC on school tasks requiring a lot of thinking, such as mathematical problem solving, reading comprehension, and natural science issues, but not on tasks that are less effortful (Leone and Dalton, 1988). In a recent publication (Luong et al, 2017) it was shown that the association between NFC and academic achievement increases from grade 3 to grade 9.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 44%

Assessing the Willingness to Elaborate among Young Students: Psychometric Evaluation of a Swedish Need for Cognition Scale

Stenlund

Jonsson

2017

Front. Educ.

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The personality trait Need for Cognition (NFC) has been studied for many years and found to be important for individuals' educational achievement. The original NFC-scale was developed in the eighties, and during the following decade the scale was translated and adapted into a number of other languages. A renewed interest for the personality trait of NFC has made these scales interesting to use. It is though vital that instruments used for studies of individual differences in the area of educational research, or in any other area, can portray valid results today. The aim of the present paper was to evaluate validity and reliability of the short version of the Mental Effort Tolerance Questionnaire, a Swedish adaption of the NFC-scale made in 1991, which has not been previously evaluated. This study involved 420 young students, and the evaluation of reliability includes a study of temporal stability (test-retest), as well as internal stability. Further, the evaluation of validity includes construct and criterion validity. Regarding reliability, the results showed a test-retest reliability coefficient of 0.88 (n = 108) and an internal stability (Cronbach's alpha) of 0.88 (n = 420). Evaluation of construct validity found evidence for a five factor dimensional structure (n = 420), discriminant validity to measures of general intelligence (r = 0.25; n = 122), working memory (r = 0.22; n = 164), and the personality trait Grit (r = 0.26; n = 169). Finally, criterion validity was found for grades (r = 0.35; n = 125). Overall, the results of the evaluation show that the inferences made from the results of the short version of the Swedish NFC-scale exhibits satisfactory reliability and validity, suggesting that the questionnaire can be used in educational contexts. The questionnaire might, however, benefit from being even more shortened.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 44%

Assessing the Willingness to Elaborate among Young Students: Psychometric Evaluation of a Swedish Need for Cognition Scale

Stenlund

Jonsson

2017

Front. Educ.

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“…As a result, these individuals also have better performance (Baugh and Mason, 1986;Leone and Dalton, 1988). Furthermore, the findings of Bailey (1997) depicted that managers with high need for cognition are more active in searching for information and seeking and evaluating the alternatives in effort to make the best decision.…”

Section: Need For Cognition (Nfc)mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Research on the characteristics of entrepreneurs that are related to business performance is still uncommon (Ahmad and Xavier, 2012;Mohd and Jamal, 2005;Othman et al, 2005). Notably, many studies depicted that the personal characteristics of entrepreneurs such as need for achievement, internal locus of control and need for cognition have positive impact on the business success in different contexts (Lee and Tsang, 2001;Leone and Dalton, 1988;Miner et al, 1994).…”

Section: Entrepreneurial Characteristics Of Women Entrepreneursmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malaysian women entrepreneurial characteristics, strategic orientation and firm performance: The moderator role of government support programs

Bahari

2017

Int. j. adv. appl. sci.

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This paper aims to identify critical factors associated with women entrepreneurship using the Malaysian small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as a base. The study also examines the government support program (GSP) as a mediator between the influencing factors and performance of women entrepreneurs. More publications on specific issues regarding women entrepreneurship are now available in the literature due to the increasing awareness on women entrepreneurs of different backgrounds. Despite the significance of this subject, only minimal data can be found on the business practices and strategies for growth and survival of these women entrepreneurs. In addition, the entrepreneurs' perceptions towards careers in the area and many other questions still remain unexplored. To that end, this research intends to examine some of these questions in effort to address the gap in the literature with focus on the women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. Its main objective is to study the personal characteristics of these women entrepreneurs and the impact of GSP on firm performance.

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“…Based on our preliminary research and survey of the literature, we further hypothesized that a variety of social representations of CTAs contribute to this non-readership behavior. Specifically, these include the perception that: is positively related to academic performance and course grades (Leon & Dalton, 1988;Sadowski & Gulgoz, 1996), that students high on the need for cognition are able to better comprehend material requiring cognitive effort (Leone & Dalton, 1988), and that students high in the need for cognition are also more effective information processors (Sadowski & Gulgoz, 1996). Accordingly, if the limited cognition model underlies non-readership, we should find that exchange.…”

Section: Overview and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, according to this model, individuals' need for cognition-generally, the tendency to engage in and enjoy effortful cognitive activity (Cacioppo and Petty, 1982)-should affect their willingness to grapple with the cognitive demands of reading a CTA. Studies have demonstrated that the need for cognition is positively related to academic performance and course grades (Leon & Dalton, 1988;Sadowski & Gulgoz, 1996), that students high on the need for cognition are able to better comprehend material requiring cognitive effort (Leone & Dalton, 1988), and that students high in the need for cognition are also more effective information processors (Sadowski & Gulgoz, 1996). Accordingly, if the limited cognition model underlies non-readership, we should find that individuals with a strong need for cognition are more inclined to read CTAs.…”

Section: Overview and Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blind consent? A social psychological investigation of non-readership of click-through agreements.

Plaut¹,

Bartlett²

2012

Law and Human Behavior

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Across two studies we aimed to measure empirically the extent of non-readership of clickthrough agreements (CTAs), identify the dominant social representations that exist about CTAs, and experimentally manipulate these representations in order to decrease automatic non-reading behavior and enhance contract efficiency. In our initial questionnaire study (Study 1), as predicted, the vast majority of participants reported not reading CTAs and the most prevalent social representations of CTAs contributing to non-readership included: they are too long and time-consuming, they are all the same, they give one no choice but to agree, they are not important, the companies are reputable, and they are irrelevant. Manipulating these representations on a simulated music web site (Study 2) revealed an increase in readership.Additionally, CTA comprehension and CTA rejection rates were both increased significantly by manipulating the length representation. These results demonstrate support for the influence of social representations on CTA readership, provide evidence against the common "limited cognition" perspective on non-readership, and suggest that presenting CTAs in a short, readable format can increase CTA readership and comprehension as well as shopping of CTA terms. Word count: 179Blind Consent? A Social Psychological Investigation of Non-Readership of Click-Through AgreementsEvery day, individuals using the Internet are confronted with a choice: to accept or not accept the terms of click-through agreements ("CTAs"). Used by on-line vendors to set forth the legal relationship between a vendor and its consumers (Kunz, Del Duca, Thayer, & Debrow, 2001), CTAs are ubiquitous in the on-line world. Requiring but a simple click of "I agree" to be formed, CTAs are commonly used to establish the terms of use of a website, the terms upon which a consumer may download and use a software program, or the terms upon which a consumer may shop on-line. Additionally, CTAs often include other "boilerplate terms" such as the right of a vendor to collect and disseminate a consumer's personal information and restrictions on the manner in which a consumer may bring future legal grievances against a vendor (Marotta-Wurgler, 2007). According to anecdotal evidence and limited survey research (Hillman, 2006a;Becher and Unger-Aviram, 2008), individuals overwhelmingly make the choice to accept-but not read-CTAs, thereby blindly consenting to their terms.Since the advent of the CTA, consumers have made a number of legal challenges against the enforceability of these contracts on the basis that they never read-let alone agreed-to their terms. The vast majority of these challenges have been unsuccessful (Lemley, 2006). While courts acknowledge that consumers do not read CTAs, they find the agreements validly formed contracts given that legal doctrine requires merely that consumers "assent" to the formation of a contract. Consequently, whether or not a consumer actually reads the contract is largely irrelevant. So long as a consumer manifests...

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Some Effects of the Need for Cognition on Course Grades

Cited by 45 publications

References 8 publications

Assessing the Willingness to Elaborate among Young Students: Psychometric Evaluation of a Swedish Need for Cognition Scale

Assessing the Willingness to Elaborate among Young Students: Psychometric Evaluation of a Swedish Need for Cognition Scale

Malaysian women entrepreneurial characteristics, strategic orientation and firm performance: The moderator role of government support programs

Blind consent? A social psychological investigation of non-readership of click-through agreements.

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