Some effects of self-, cross-, and open-pollinations in Picea pungens

Abstract

CRAM, W. H. 1984. Sonic effects of self-. cross-, and open-pollinations in Pic.etr pllrc,qerl.s. Can. J. Bot. 62: 392-395.Self-fertility of Picen pirilgeils Engclm. ranged from 0 to 176 seeds per conc for 72 trccs. Sclf-pollinations rctluccd thc average sccd yields to 40 and 23% of the respective cross-, and opcn(wind)-pollinations. Selfing decreased thc gcrmination for nonstratified seed to 71% of that for cross-pollinated sced. whereas the gcrmination of stratified sclfcd and crossed sccd varied from 80 to 100%. Sclfing also depressed the growth of I-to 5-year-old seedlings. CRAM, W. H. 1984. Some effects of sclf-, cross., and open-pollinations in Picecc pililgeils. Can. J. Bot. 62: 392-395.Le taux d'autofertilitk de Piceo pungerls Engelm. variait de 0 i 176 graincs par c8ne. concernant 72 arbres. Lcs rendenicnts moyens de semences issues d'autopollinisations ne furcnt quc de 40 ct 23% dcs rendcments moycns dc scnicnces issucs respectivement de pollinisations croisCes et librcs (par le vent). L'autopollinisation diminua la germination des graincs non stratifikes j. 71% dc cclle des graines de pollinisation croiskc, tandis quc la germination des graines stratifikes, issues d'autopollinisations et de pollinisations croiskcs, varia de 80 a 100%. L'autopollinisation aussi diminua la croissancc des semis hges de 1 i 5 ans.[Traduit par lc journal] IntroductionBlue spruce (Picea pungens Engelm.) has been planted extensively for landscapes and shelterbelts in the temperate zone of North America. Seed of this species was procured from several sources in the United States by the Indian Head Tree Nursery from 1902 to 1908 for test plantings. These plantings demonstrated an attractive blue foliage, as well as resistance to drought and to most diseases and insects. As a result 8 x lo6 seedlings of blue spruce have been produced since 1937 by the nursery for plantings in the three prairie provinces.A tree improvement program for blue spruce was initiated in 1954 at Indian Head. During the early stages some investigations involved seed and seedling characteristics for which information was limited. Information on seed set of blue spruce following controlled pollinations has been reported in severaI hybridization studies. Fechner and Clark (1969) reported no set from selfing, 1.5 seeds per cone from intraspecific crosses, and 10.5 from open-pollinations for one blue spruce tree. Bongarten and Hanover (1982) mentioned a set of 14.9 seeds per cone from cross-pollinations and 0.2 from openpollinations of blue spruce. Hanover (1975) cited an average yield of 56 seeds per cone for 3 18 blue spruce in a provenance test, whereas Cram (1983) reported that seed set following open-pollinations of 21 trees averaged 61 seeds per cone.Selfing has been reported to reduce the set and germination of seed, also the growth and survival of seedlings, for several other conifer species (Bingham and SquilIace 1955;Gordon 1976;Mergen et al. 1965; Sorenson and Miles 1982). This paper is a report on seed yields, seed and seedling characteristics of P...

Components of Pollinator "Quality": Comparative Analysis of a Diverse Insect Assemblage

“…This would tend to rule out possible effects of pollen source on probability of seedling establishment mediated by its well-known relationship with seed size (e .g., Salisbury 1942, Kaufmann and McFadden 1960, Dunlap and Barnett 1983, Dolan 1984, Marshall 1986). Nevertheless, the influence of paternity on realized reproductive output cannot be ruled out completely, as previous studies have often shown greater survival of seedlings from crossed vs. inbred or selfed progeny (Price and Waser 1979, Garnock-Jones and Molloy 1982, Schoen 1983, Waser and Price 1983, Cram 1984, Waller 1984, Mitchell-Olds and Waller 1985. If this relation also holds for L. latifolia, differential survival of seedlings differing in paternity would enhance the differences in reproductive output between allogamous and geitonogamous pollination noted above.…”

Effects of pollen supply and quality on seed formation and maturation in Pinus densiflora

“…Failure of seed maturation is generally considered to be a result of the increased level of inbreeding such as self-pollination or correlated mating (inbreeding depression); that is, deleterious effects due to increased levels of homozygosity of deleterious recessive genes (e.g., Mergen et al 1965;Nakai et al 1967). Cytological observation studies for some conifers suggested that the higher proportion of empty seeds in the self-pollinated cones was a result of some form of physiological incompatibility between the early embryo and female gametophyte tissues, which leads to post-fertilization embryo collapse (e.g., Pinus: Hagman and Mikkola 1963;Lindgren 1975;Owens et al 2005; Picea: Mergen et al 1965;Cram 1984). In these studies, most of the patterns of embryo collapse were observed after seed coat formation began.…”

Composition and Biological Activity of Picea pungens and Picea orientalis Seed and Cone Essential Oils

“…It is a long‐lived but slow‐growing tree, reaching a height of about 23 m, with 800 years old specimens recorded . The bluish‐grey needle coloration is caused by the presence of surface waxes, the intensity of the color increases with tree age . The tree is planted for timber only in some regions of North America and Europe.…”

“…[1 -3] The bluish-grey needle coloration is caused by the presence of surface waxes, [4] the intensity of the color increases with tree age. [5] [6] The tree is planted for timber only in some regions of North America and Europe. Seed production for that spruce begins at approximately 20 years of tree age, with full crops of cones every 2 -3 years.…”