Some effects of rumen ciliate protozoa in cattle given restricted amounts of a barley diet

Whitelaw, F. G.; Eadie, J.; Mann, S. O.; Reid, R. S.

doi:10.1079/bjn19720108

Cited by 59 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…It is generally accepted that highly acidic pH values in the rumen can inhibit the growth of ciliates (Purser and Moir, 1959) and may even cause their complete elimination (Eadie et al, 1970;Whitelaw et al, 1972;Rung et al, 1986). The decline in the number of entodiniomorphid ciliates noted here during the 3 h following the meal in the rumen juice was always observed in the numerous experiments we carried out.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Digestion of a dehydrated lucerne/barley diet (70:30) in defaunated, Isotricha-monoinoculated and mixed-fauna-inoculated rumen in sheep

Sénaud¹,

Jouany²,

Lassalas³

et al. 1995

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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Summary ― Two adult Texel sheep fitted with permanent rumen fistulae were defaunated for 12 weeks in a preliminary experiment. They were then reinoculated with Isotricha sp for 11 weeks, and finally with a mixed fauna (Entodinium, Epidinium, Eudiplodinium and Isotricha) for 10 weeks. They were fed a diet composed of dehydrated lucerne (700 g/d), pelleted barley grain (300 g/d), grass hay (100 g/d) and wheat straw (50 g/d) in one daily meal. Isotricha and the ciliates of the mixed fauna developed rapidly, reaching a maximum concentration 9-17 d after inoculation. Their concentration then fell for 2-3 d and finally stabilized at values close to 10 4 /ml for Isotricha, Eudiplodinium and Epidinium and 2.5 x 10 5 /ml for Entodinium. The estimated ciliate biomass in the rumen was 1.8 g I-! for a volume of 10.2 mll-1 in the /sotricha-monoinoculated sheep and 4.7 g I-! for a volume of 25.0 mll-1 in mixedfauna-inoculated sheep. The concentration of Isotricha was unaffected by the inoculation of mixed fauna during the third part of the experiment. No difference in total rumen bacteria counts was observed between defaunated, monoinoculated and completely refaunated animals. The total adenylic nucleotide concentration in filtered rumen juice was 4 times higher in faunated sheep just before feeding and 4-9 times lower after feed intake as compared to defaunated animals; the energy charge was always higher in faunated animals. These results are discussed in relation to the digestive activity and biomass of the protozoa. The in situ degradation of lucerne stems was the highest in the mixed-faunated sheep over a retention time interval of 6-18 h.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Digestion of a dehydrated lucerne/barley diet (70:30) in defaunated, Isotricha-monoinoculated and mixed-fauna-inoculated rumen in sheep

Sénaud¹,

Jouany²,

Lassalas³

et al. 1995

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…These factors may have acted most unfavorably on the bacterial number in the rumen on the 1:1 barley-to-hay diet in this experiment. Some researchers have reported that the viable percentage of total count was greater for highconcentrate than for high-roughage diets (1,4,5,16), and that this viable rate was lower with a restricted concentrate diet (17). Similarly, in this experiment, the viable rate dropped to below 10% when hay proportion exceeded one half.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…This showed that these chained cocci are similar to Peptostreptococcus rather than Megasphaera elsdenii. This kind of bacterium was reported by WHiTELAW et al (17) and THOMSON et al (19) as a gram-variable chained coccus. They were observed in the gram film prepared from the rumen contents of animals fed restricted amounts of barley or a high proportion of concentrate and those in which the rumen pH was kept at relatively high levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of diets differing in ratios of roughage to concentrate on microflora in the rumen of heifers.

Oshio

Tahata

Minato

1987

J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol.

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The fermentation products and bacterial population in the rumen were examined in an experiment designed as a 5 x 5 Latin square, with five Holstein heifers fed five rations differing in ratios of rolled barley to hay (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0: 1). The proportion of volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the rumen changed drastically when the percentage of barley exceeded 75%. The total and viable counts of rumen bacteria were higher with a high-barley diet. Selenomonas ruminantium, anaerobic lactobacilli, Peptostreptococcus, and Bi fidobacterium were most prevalent in the rumen of heifers fed an all-barley diet. Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens was most frequently isolated from animals fed a ratio of 3: 1 barley to hay. On the other hand, Butyrivibrio, Ruminococcus, and Bacteroides ruminicola were the most numerous of the bacteria from heifers fed a high proportion of hay. Also, the relationship between the bacteria dominant with each ration and their activities are discussed.Several reports about microflora in the rumen of ruminants fed on various kinds of rations have been published (1-5). However, the relationship between microflora and feed has not been made clear because many different factors influence establishment of microflora in the rumen. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of various roughage-to-concentrate ratios on the constitution of bacteria in heifer rumen, and to ascertain the predominant species related to the metabolic pathways from carbohydrate to volatile fatty acids (VFA).

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“…WHITELAW et al 26) reported an increased plasma glucose in ciliate-free steers and suggested it to be directly related to the higher concentration of rumen propionic acid in these animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa on Energy Metabolism and Some Constituents in Rumen Fluid and Blood Plasma of Goats

Itabashi¹,

Kobayashi²,

Matsumoto³

1984

Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho

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Abstract1). Three faunated and three unfaunated goats were given three different diets and energy metabolism was compared between the two groups.The effect of monensin was also studied. The goats were fed hay only in Expt 1, hay-concentrate in Expt 2 and hay-concentrate containing monensin in Expt 3. 2). The concentration of rumen ammonia-N in the faunated group was found to be higher than that in the unfaunated in all three experiments, the difference being significant in Expt 2. The molar proportion of propionic acid in the rumen of the faunated tended to be less than in the unfaunated while that of butyric acid tended to be greater.Monensin reduced protozoal number in the faunated and increased the proportion of propionic acid in both groups. 3). There was no significant difference between the group in energy metabolism in Expt 1. Methane energy was significantly higher in the faunated in Expt 2. In all the experiments, urinary energy tended to be greater and faecal energy to be less and retained energy to be greater in the faunated goats. The digestibility of feed N tended to be greater in the faunated. Only minor differences were found between the groups in N retention while urine N tended to be greater in the faunated.Monensin reduced the methane and faecal energy and increased urinary N. 4). The concentration of plasma glucose tended to be higher in the faunated in Expts 2 and 3. There was no difference between the groups in plasma urea-N.Monensin tended to increase these concentrations in both groups.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 55 (4): [248][249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256] 1984 The role of ciliate protozoa in the rumen has become of considerable interest recently in relation to animal production. Alterations of fermentation patterns due to the absence of protozoa have been shown by many investigators1).However, the effect of protozoa on the energy metabolism of ruminants, especially on methane production, has not been elucidated. Since in the rumen methane is formed mainly from hydrogen and carbon dioxide and the hydrogen is produced by bacteria2) and protozoa3-5), it is to be expected that the presence of protozoa may affect the methanogenesis in the rumen and thus the energy metabolism of ruminants.The object of the present work was to compare the energy metabolism as well as the concentration of some constituents in the rumen and blood plasma in goats with and without ciliate protozoa. The effect of monensin was also studied using these goats.Jpn. J. Zootech. Sci., 55 (4): 248-256 248 1984

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Some effects of rumen ciliate protozoa in cattle given restricted amounts of a barley diet

Cited by 59 publications

References 20 publications

Digestion of a dehydrated lucerne/barley diet (70:30) in defaunated, Isotricha-monoinoculated and mixed-fauna-inoculated rumen in sheep

Digestion of a dehydrated lucerne/barley diet (70:30) in defaunated, Isotricha-monoinoculated and mixed-fauna-inoculated rumen in sheep

Effect of diets differing in ratios of roughage to concentrate on microflora in the rumen of heifers.

The Effects of Rumen Ciliate Protozoa on Energy Metabolism and Some Constituents in Rumen Fluid and Blood Plasma of Goats

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