Some Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization on Botanical Composition of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward<sup>1</sup>

Templeton, W. C.; Taylor, T. H.

doi:10.2134/agronj1966.00021962005800060005x

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…Fertilization with 135 kg N ha −1 yr −1 consistently reduces white clover, and the effect is more marked when N is applied in the early spring than later. Conversely, P and K fertilization occasionally increases white clover composition (Templeton and Taylor, 1966). The N effect in suppressing white clover is modified by clipping, as severe mowing results in higher percentages of clover (Robinson et al, 1952).…”

Section: Periodic Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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Cultural management of weeds in turfgrass is the use of mowing, fertilization, irrigation, cultivation, planting, and turfgrass selection to affect weed populations. There is consensus in the literature on a few cultural factors influencing some weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Taller mowing height, 4 to 8 cm, depending on turfgrass, reduces populations of crabgrasses (Digitaria spp.) in Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and fescues (Festuca spp.). A high rate of N fertilization (100–300 kg N ha−1 yr−1) reduces populations of crabgrasses, dandelion (Taraxacum officinale G.H. Weber ex Wiggers), and other broadleaf weeds in cool‐season turfgrasses. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) may be favored by this high rate of fertilization. Fertilization of turfgrasses when they are not actively growing increases weeds. Slow‐growing grasses such as zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) have more weeds at high N fertilization rate. Environmental stresses including drought injury, unnecessary aeration or vertical mowing, biotic stress such as nematode and insect herbivory, and diseases contribute to weed colonization. Adapted cultivars and species of turfgrasses that are genetically resistant to biotic and environmental stresses have the fewest weed problems. Adapted turfgrasses can sometimes be effectively managed in the absence of herbicides, especially if they are well established. The generalized mechanisms for cultural management of weeds are poorly understood. Research is needed on optimizing the choices of herbicide and/or cultural practices as part of an integrated management system for turfgrass.

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Section: Periodic Cultural Practicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

2003

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“…Rehm et al (1975), using a grassalfalfa mixture, obtained increased yields of alfalfa with N fertilizer but indicated that examination of roots of alfalfa plants from both N-fertilized and nonfertilized areas revealed an absence of nodules. Advtntages and disadvantages of legume-fixed N versus fertilizer N for cool-season grasses were recently discussed by Templeton (1976).…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Fertilization in Establishing Forage Legumes¹

Hojjati¹,

Templeton²,

Taylor

1978

Agronomy Journal

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Forage legumes play a special role in agriculture in that they fix N and serve as feedstuffs for livestock and poultry. Researchers do not agree, however, concerning need for fertilizer N in legume establishment. We studied the effects of N applied at and shortly after planting of legumes on growth and N fixation and compiled information on current recommendations of agricultural experiment stations in the United States on use of N with forage legumes. Two greenhouse experiments were conducted. In the first, seed of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and bigflower vetch (Vicia grandiflora var. kitalbeliana W. Koch) were planted in sand and given Hoagland's solution at planting or 3 or 6 weeks post‐planting to furnish 28, 56, or 112 ppm N (N1, N2, N3). A comparable N‐free solution (No) was included. In the second, red clover, vetch, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) were seeded into three soils and fertilized with NaNO3 at rates to supply 30 or 60 kg N/ha, and a no‐N check. Plants were harvested at 8 or 9 weeks post‐planting, roots and tops separated, and N fixation estimated by C2H2 reduction. After drying, plant parts were weighed, ground, and analyzed for N. Published recommendations for fertilizing legumes were requested from Agronomy Departments in the United States, and these were summarized. In trial 1 N1, N2, and N3 plants were larger than N0 plants but, at harvest, fertilized clover plants were fixing only 63, 33, and 6% as much N/pot/hour, respectively, as the latter. Interactions among treatment variables were common. In contrast, level of N applied in experiment 2 did not affect N fixation. Growth was increased equally by 30 and 60 kg N/ha. Current recommendations concerning N usage on forage legumes vary widely, especially with grass‐legume mixtures. The findings in these greenhouse experiments and the disparities in state recommendations indicate need for further research to more clearly define the conditions, if any, under which use of N with forage legumes is justified.

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“…The gains during the 3 to 4 months of midsummer were nil. Others have studied the effects of fertilization of tall fescue upon yield (3,4,5), utilization of fescue in the production of slaughter steers (1, 2, 3), and the effect of grain feeding on growing-finishing steers on pastures (3,6). The objectives of the experiments reported here were to determine the effects of limited grain feeding and N fertilization upon animal performance, and the effects of continued applications of N on the production of tall fescue pastures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen¹

Mott

Kaiser

Peterson³

et al. 1971

Agronomy Journal

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The production of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in terms of gain of yearling steers, carrying capacity, liveweight gain per hectare and estimated total digestible nutrients per hectare (ETDN) was measured during four successive years. Tall fescue was fertilized with ammonium nitrate at the rates of 0, 84, and 168 kg/ha of elemental nitrogen. Crimped corn was fed daily at the rate of 1 kg per 100 kg of body weight on one‐half the pasture. Corn greatly increased average daily gain, carrying capacities of the pastures and total amount of liveweight increase per hectare. N fertilizer slightly depressed average daily gain, nearly doubled carrying capacities of the pastures and greatly increased liveweight increase per hectare. The seasonal pattern of liveweight gain was altered by feeding grain, indicating that a low level of energy intake is one of the factors limiting rate of production of steers on tall fescue pasture. N fertilizer prevented development of volunteer legumes in the fescue pastures.

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Some Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization on Botanical Composition of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward¹

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Nitrogen Fertilization in Establishing Forage Legumes¹

Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen¹

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Some Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization on Botanical Composition of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward1

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Cultural Management of Weeds in Turfgrass

Nitrogen Fertilization in Establishing Forage Legumes1

Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen1

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Some Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Fertilization on Botanical Composition of a Tall Fescue‐White Clover Sward¹

Nitrogen Fertilization in Establishing Forage Legumes¹

Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen¹