Supplemental Feeding of Steers on <i>Festuca arundinacea</i> Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen<sup>1</sup>

Mott, G. O.; Kaiser, C.; Peterson, R. C.; Peterson, Randall; Rhykerd, C. L.

doi:10.2134/agronj1971.00021962006300050028x

Cited by 26 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…This effect may be due to an increase in forage intake or in ergot alkaloid concentration. In addition to extrinsic factors (1, 4,12,23,25), ergot alkaloid concentrations are affected by intrinsic factors, i.e., the genetic makeup of the grass and fungus (14). However, since only one genotype of symbiotic tall fescue was used in this study, our results are not due to genetic variation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…It is not known how these defense mechanisms are affected by varying soil conditions, particularly stressful situations, within this symbiotum. It is known that enhanced soil N availability may increase or decrease the severity of the toxic response observed in cattle grazing symbiotic tall fescue (5,25). Furthermore, soil N availability may affect concentrations of ergopeptide alkaloids (23), a class of secondary nitrogenous metabolites that may be involved in toxicosis of cattle grazing tall fescue (4,21,26,30).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Arechavaleta

Bacon

Plattner

et al. 1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

107

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The fungus Acremonium coenophialum is endophytically associated with tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreber). Within this symbiotum the fungus produces ergopeptide alkaloids, which are associated with livestock toxicoses. Environmental effects on the production of ergot alkaloids within the symbiotum are unknown. We conducted a greenhouse study of the effects of flooding, nitrogen rate during fertilization (11, 73, and 220 mg of N per pot weekly), nitrogen form (3.4 and 34 mg of N as NH4+ or N03 per pot), and drought stress (-0.03,-0.05, and-0.50 MPa) on ergopeptide alkaloid concentrations in one genotype of nonsymbiotic and symbiotic tall fescue grown in plastic pots. It was determined that the concentration of ergovaline, the major type of ergopeptide alkaloid, was increased but was not as high as that in nonflooded controls. Total ergopeptide and ergovaline concentrations in plants receiving high (220 mg of N per pot) and low (11 mg of N per pot) levels of NH4NO3 fertilization were not affected by flooding. The form of nitrogen was important since all concentrations of N03-N increased ergopeptide alkaloid content, as opposed to the effects of NH4+-N, which was effective only at high concentrations (34 mg of N per pot). Ergopeptide concentrations were highest in drought-stressed plants grown at-0.50 MPa and fertilized at the moderate or high N rate. The results suggest that within this genotype, ergopeptide alkaloid biosynthesis by the fungus is not appreciably affected by flooding but is greatly increased by high rates of N fertilization and moderate water deficit.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Arechavaleta

Bacon

Plattner

et al. 1992

Appl Environ Microbiol

107

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“…However, TF is less palatable than OG and BG (Hoover et al, 1948). Ruminants grazing TF during mid-toqate summer often exhibit depressed rates of gain (Jacobson et al, 1970;Mort et al, 1971;Harris et al, 1974;Reid et al, 1978). Grazing livestock that experience periods of under-nutrition often demonstrate compensatory growth after being fed a high concentrate diet (Moran and Holmes, 1978;Hedrick et al, 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Performance, Body Composition and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers as Influenced by Previous Forage Systems

Hancock

Williams

Hedrick

et al. 1987

Journal of Animal Science

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To evaluate effects of previous forage systems on feedlot performance, yearling Hereford steers (average initial weight of 249 kg) were grazed on tall fescue (TF), smooth bromegrass-red clover (BG-RC) or orchardgrass-red clover (OG-RC) pastures before finishing. Serial slaughter was utilized during the first 2 yr of this study to determine changes in carcass characteristics throughout finishing, while steers were slaughtered at approximately 29% body fat during the third year. Steers grazing TF entered the feedlot at lighter weights and maintained lighter weights throughout finishing (P less than .05) even though dry matter intakes and feed conversions were similar (P greater than .05) among treatments. Steers that previously grazed TF had less (P less than .05) body fat, body protein, fat thickness and marbling, smaller (P less than .05) ribeye areas and lower (P less than .05) USDA yield and quality grades than than those that grazed BG-RC and OG-RC. However, linear contrasts indicated that steers grazing TF were compensating in ribeye area, marbling and quality grade as days in feedlot increased. This was confirmed in the third-year study, since carcass characteristics were similar among all steers. During the third year, linear and quadratic contrasts indicated that steers that grazed TF partially compensated in body protein. As days in feedlot increased, live and hot carcass weights, body fat, fat thickness, kidney, pelvic and heart fat, marbling, and USDA yield and quality grades increased (P less than .05), while ribeye area and body protein plateaued. Although carcass characteristics were similar among treatments, steers backgrounded on TF entered the feedlot at lighter weights, and partially compensated in weight after 134 d of finishing.

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“…Fescue appeared to have high forage quality with digestible dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), amino acid, and mineral content that could rival other cool-season forages in producing good animal performance if managed well (Bush and Buckner, 1973). However, cattle gains on tall fescue were disturbingly low and typically below 0.5 kg d -1 for the grazing season (Blaser et al, 1956;Mott et al, 1971). Neill (1941) in New Zealand showed that tall fescue was susceptible to infection by an endophyte and in 1973 A.E.…”

Section: Chapter I: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

Williamson

Aiken

Flynn³

et al. 2016

Crop Science

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Treatment of toxic endophyte‐infected tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) Darbysh] with metsulfuran‐methyl {Methyl 2‐[[[[(4‐methoxyl‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl] benzoate}, as delivered by Chaparral herbicide (Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN) can mitigate fescue toxicosis and enhance forage nutritive value by suppressing seedhead emergence. A grazing experiment was conducted with steers (2013) and heifers (2014) to evaluate animal and plant responses to grazing management of mixed cool‐season grass pastures treated with Chaparral. Continuous and rotational stocking treatments were assigned to six, 3.0‐ha pastures in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and two replications in 2014. Each pasture had six tester animals, and stocking rates were varied using put‐and‐take animals. Pastures were grazed from 16 April to 8 July 2013 and 20 May to 12 Aug. 2014. Pasture carrying capacity was 20% greater for rotational than continuous stocking. Calves on rotationally stocked pastures also had 26% greater average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) gain per hectare than those on the continuous treatment. Pre‐grazed herbage had less neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) than post‐grazed herbage and herbage from continuously stocked pastures in 2013, but they did not differ in 2014. Crude protein (CP) was lower in post‐graze rotational pasture than in continuous or pre‐graze rotational pasture. Fescue roots in rotationally stocked pastures had greater water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and N concentrations than continuously stocked pastures following the second year of grazing. Results indicated that rotational stocking of Chaparral treated mixed pastures can improve animal performance and pasture productivity.

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Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen¹

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Performance, Body Composition and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers as Influenced by Previous Forage Systems

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

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Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen1

Cited by 26 publications

References 1 publication

Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Accumulation of Ergopeptide Alkaloids in Symbiotic Tall Fescue Grown under Deficits of Soil Water and Nitrogen Fertilizer

Performance, Body Composition and Carcass Characteristics of Finishing Steers as Influenced by Previous Forage Systems

Animal and Pasture Responses to Grazing Management of Chemically Suppressed Tall Fescue in Mixed Pastures

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Supplemental Feeding of Steers on Festuca arundinacea Schreb. Pastures Fertilized at Three Levels of Nitrogen¹