Some Cytological Effects of O–isopropyl N–phenyl Carbamate Upon Avena

Ennis, W. B.

doi:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1948.tb05182.x

Cited by 38 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…After 24 h of treatment, these cells became multinucleate with several nuclei. The micronuclei were divided wholly or partially by fine, randomly located cell walls within the mother cell wall (Fig, 5a), Ploidy levels within the mother cells increased to 40 N after 48 h (Table 1), The disruption of mitosis by nitralin resembles the results obtained with trifluralin (Amato et al, 1965;Hess & Bayer, 1974;Hess, 1983), oryzalin (Bartels & Hilton, 1973) and colchicine (Derman, 1938), The mitotic aberrations caused by butralin more closely paralleled those produced by propham (isopropyl carbanilate) and chlorpropham (isopropyl m-chlorocarbanilate) (Ennis, 1948;Calvin & Friesen, 1959;Sawamura, 1965;Hess, 1983), Apolar divisions or a multipolar spindle apparatus have been described in endosperm cells treated with propham by Hepler & Jackson (1969). Abnormal cell wall formation similar to that caused by butralin was observed by Holmsen & Hess (1984) in oat (Avena sativa L.) roots treated with 5-6 M DCPA,…”

Section: Cell Division Effectssupporting

confidence: 66%

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Elmore

Bayer

1992

Weed Research

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Summary: Résumé: Zusammenfassung Saturated solutions of nitralin or butralin were used to treat the germinating florets of Lolium perenne L, var, Manhattan in a growth chamber to evaluate the induced mitotic and structural effects. Examination of structural changes showed suppressed root elongation and increased radial root enlargement. The response to nitralin was observed at 1 h, whereas a weaker response was first observed with butralin at 12 h. Cortical and epidermal cells close to the apex, treated with either herbicide, were enlarged and more vacuolate. Normal mitotic figures were reduced by 76% and 36% after 1 h following treatment with nitralin and butralin, respectively. Division figures differed markedly between the two herbicides. Nitralin‐treated cells formed polymorphic nuclei with an enlargement of nuclear volume and an increase in ploidy level, Butrahn decreased the number of prophase division figures, but increased the number of nuclei per cell, yielding a multi‐nucleate cell, Nitralin effects on cell divisions resemble those caused by the other dinitroani‐line herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin and pendimethalin. Butralin effects on cell division more closely resemble those reported from the carbamates, propham and chlorpropham. Effets mitotiques et structured de la nitraline et de la butraline sur les meristimes racinaires du ray‐grass (Lolium perenne L.) Des solutions saturees de nitraline et de butraline ont étéutilises pour traiter des épillets en germination de Lolium perenne L. var. Manhattan en chambre climatique afin d'évaluer les effets mitotiques et structurels in‐duits, L'examen des changements structurels a montre la suppression de l'élongation racinaire et l'augmentation du diametre racinaire. La reponse a la nitraline a étéobservee aprés une heure tandis qu'une réponse plus faible a été obsérvée avec la butraline apres 12 heures, Les cellules corticales et épidermiques proches de l'apex, traitées avec l'un ou l'autre herbicide, étaient plus grandes et plus vacuolées. Les schemas mitotiques normaux ont étéréduits de 76% et 36% une heure apres un traitement à la nitraline et à la butraline, respectivement. Les schémas de division différaient de faéon marquée entre les 2 herbicides, Les cellules traitées à la nitraline ont formé des cellules avec des nuclei polymorphes avec augmentation du volume nucléaire et du niveau de ploïdie. La butraline a limité le nombre de stades prophasi‐ques mais a augmenté le nombre de nucléi par cellule, aboutissant a une cellule multinucleee, Les effets de la nitraline sur la division cellulaire ressemblent à ceux causés par les autres herbicides dinitroanihnes: trifluraline, oryzalinne, et pendiméthaline, et les effets de la butraline sur la division cellulaire sont plus voisins de ceux rapportés pour les carbamates, prophame et chloroprophame. Wirkungen von Nitralin und Butralin auf Mitose und Struktur des Wurzelmeristems von Deutschem Weidelgras (Lolium perenne L.) Nach der Behandlung keimender Samen von Lolium perenne L. ‘Manhattan’ mit gesattigten ...

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Section: Cell Division Effectssupporting

confidence: 66%

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Elmore

Bayer

1992

Weed Research

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“…Several growth-regulating chemicals influence the nor mal pattern of mitosis. Isopropyl carbanilate (propham) produced blocked metaphases, polyploid cells, and multi nucleate cells (4,6). Unrau and Larter (15) and Sawamura (13) observed that (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid (2,4-D) produced such chromosomal aberrations as bridges, fragmentation, asynapsis, aneuploidy, polyploidy, and stickiness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trifluralin on Mitosis

Lignowski¹,

Scott

1972

Weed sci.

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The compound α,α,α-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine (trifluralin) inhibited mitosis in onion (Allium cepa L. ‘Yellow Globe’) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Thorn’) root tips. Photomicrographs showed that trifluralin affected mitosis in the same manner as colchicine. Arrested metaphases, c-pairs, micronuclei, amoeboid nuclei, and polyploidy were observed at various times after treatment. An increase in the percentage of arrested metaphases and a decrease in anaphase and telophase figures after 3 hr showed that mitosis was being blocked at metaphase. Prophase did not appear to be affected. Centrifugation of treated root tips displaced the chromosomes of arrested metaphases indicating that the spindle apparatus was disrupted.

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“…Isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) and Isopropyl N-3-chiorophenyl carbamate (CIPC) are herbicides known to decrease rates of growth in plants by rapidly disrupting mitosis and cytokinesis (1)(2)(3)(4). Initially, these carbamates were assumed to act like colchicine, and later it was shown that ICP reversibly inhibits the regeneration of cilia in Stentor, as indeed does colchicine (5).…”

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confidence: 99%

THE EFFECTS OF ISOPROPYL N-PHENYL CARBAMATE ON THE GREEN ALGA OEDOGONIUM CARDIACUM

Coss

Pickett‐Heaps

1974

The Journal of Cell Biology

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Cell division in vegetative filaments of the green alga Oedogonium cardiacum is presented as an experimental system. We report on how we have used this system to study the effects of isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) on the mitotic apparatus and on the phycoplast, a planar array of cytokinetic microtubules. Polymerization of microtubules was prevented when filaments, synchronized by a light/dark regime and chilled (2°C) while in metaphase or just before phycoplast formation, were exposed to 5.5 × l0 -~ M IPC and then returned to room temperature. Spindles reformed or phycoplasts formed when these filaments were transferred to growth medium free of IPC. However, the orientation of both microtubular systems was disturbed: the mitotic apparatus often contained three poles, frequently forming three daughter nuclei upon karyokinesis; the phycoplast was often stellate rather than planar, and it sometimes was displaced to the side of both daughter nuclei, resulting in a binucleate and an anucleate cell upon cytokinesis. Our results suggest that IPC (a) prevents the assembly of microtubules, (b) increases the number of functional polar bodies, and (c) affects the orientation of microtubules in O. cardiacum. High voltage (1,000 kV) electron microscopy of 0.5-#m thick sections allowed us to visualize the polar structures, which were not discernible in thin sections.Isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) and Isopropyl N-3-chiorophenyl carbamate (CIPC) are herbicides known to decrease rates of growth in plants by rapidly disrupting mitosis and cytokinesis (1-4). Initially, these carbamates were assumed to act like colchicine, and later it was shown that ICP reversibly inhibits the regeneration of cilia in Stentor, as indeed does colchicine (5). If flagella are amputated, they will regenerate rapidly in Ochromonas, but, again, IPC prevents this regeneration. If cells of Ochromonas are treated with periods of high pressure, microtubules disappear and later reassemble when the pressure is removed; IPC rapidly and completely prevents reassembly of microtubules in such experiments (6, 7). However, in the presence of IPC, macrotubules appeared on the rhizoplast (where microtubules arise in normal cells), apparently within a few minutes after release of the pressure. Treatment with colchicine never induced macrotubules. These experiments with Ochromonas have since been repeated using the volvocalean alga Polytomella, and apparently similar results were obtained (D. Brown, personal communication).

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Some Cytological Effects of O–isopropyl N–phenyl Carbamate Upon Avena

Cited by 38 publications

References 3 publications

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Mitotic and structural effects of nitralin and butralin on ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) root meristems

Effect of Trifluralin on Mitosis

THE EFFECTS OF ISOPROPYL N-PHENYL CARBAMATE ON THE GREEN ALGA OEDOGONIUM CARDIACUM

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