Some Considerations in the Cinefluorographic Analysis of Tongue Movements during Speech

Kent, Robert D.

doi:10.1159/000259387

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…He could not provide data on the rate of tongue movement or how it changed from one posture to another. Beyond such straightforward descriptions, the issues in studying the tongue hinge on the question(s) to be addressed and the length of the behavioral sample needed to examine the problem at issue, e.g., whether: (a) actual motion is to be examined during the course of complete behaviors, such as a feeding sequence or reading a test paragraph with almost all the vowels and consonants in American English (e.g., the 'Grandfather Passage', Darley et al, 1975; also see Hiiemae et al, 2002); whether the changes in tongue body and surface shape produced during the production of a vowel sound or a consonant-vowel (C-V) phoneme are the subject of enquiry (e.g., Perkell, 1969;Kent, 1972;Stone and Lundberg, 1996). If the objective is to examine global measures such as rigid body motion, range of motion, and repetitive patterns, then long recordings such as those needed for (a) would be the choice.…”

Section: (Iii) Measuring Tongue Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue Movements in Feeding and Speech

Hiiemäe

Palmer

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

319

183

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ABSTRACT:The position of the tongue relative to the upper and lower jaws is regulated in part by the position of the hyoid bone, which, with the anterior and posterior suprahyoid muscles, controls the angulation and length of the floor of the mouth on which the tongue body 'rides'. The instantaneous shape of the tongue is controlled by the 'extrinsic muscles' acting in concert with the 'intrinsic' muscles. Recent anatomical research in non-human mammals has shown that the intrinsic muscles can best be regarded as a 'laminated segmental system' with tightly packed layers of the 'transverse', 'longitudinal', and 'vertical' muscle fibers. Each segment receives separate innervation from branches of the hypoglosssal nerve. These new anatomical findings are contributing to the development of functional models of the tongue, many based on increasingly refined finite element modeling techniques. They also begin to explain the observed behavior of the jaw-hyoid-tongue complex, or the hyomandibular 'kinetic chain', in feeding and consecutive speech. Similarly, major efforts, involving many imaging techniques (cinefluorography, ultrasound, electro-palatography, NMRI, and others), have examined the spatial and temporal relationships of the tongue surface in sound production. The feeding literature shows localized tongue-surface change as the process progresses. The speech literature shows extensive change in tongue shape between classes of vowels and consonants. Although there is a fundamental dichotomy between the referential framework and the methodological approach to studies of the orofacial complex in feeding and speech, it is clear that many of the shapes adopted by the tongue in speaking are seen in feeding. It is suggested that the range of shapes used in feeding is the matrix for both behaviors.

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Section: (Iii) Measuring Tongue Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tongue Movements in Feeding and Speech

Hiiemäe

Palmer

2003

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

319

183

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“…A review of the literature suggests that, of the many studies in which pellets or electromagnetic transducers have been placed on the articulators, and especially the tongue ͑e.g., Kent, 1972;Kent and Moll, 1972;Perkell and Nelson, 1985;Perkell and Cohen, 1989; and see review in Perkell, 1997͒, none has included a formal comparison of speech production behavior with and without the intraoral devices in place. There are, however, indirect data that suggest little impact of tongue pellets on the formant frequencies of vowels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of pellet markers on speech production behavior: Acoustical and perceptual measures

Weismer

Bunton

1999

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Peri- and intraoral devices are often used to obtain measurements concerning articulator motions and placements. Surprisingly, there are few formal evaluations of the potential influence of these devices on speech production behavior. In particular, the potential effects of lingual pellets or coils used in x-ray or electromagnetic studies of tongue motion have never been evaluated formally, even though a large x-ray database exists and electromagnetic systems are commercially available. The x-ray microbeam database [Westbury, J. "X-ray Microbeam Speech Production Database User's Handbook, version 1" (1994)] includes several utterances produced with pellets-off and -on, which allowed us to evaluate effects of pellets for the utterance, She had your dark suit in greasy wash water all year, using acoustic and perceptual measures. Overall, there were no acoustic or perceptual measures that showed consistent effects of pellets across speakers, but certain effects were consistent either within a given speaker or in direction across a subgroup of the speakers. The results are discussed in terms of the general goodness of the assumption that point parameterization of lingual motion does not interfere with normal articulatory behaviors. A brief screening procedure is suggested to protect articulatory kinematic experiments from those individuals who may show consistent effects of having devices placed on perioral structures.

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“…That is, a segment can influence other segments either to its right or to its left. Coarticulatory behaviors have been observed for almost every articulator studied: lip [5,10,21,22], jaw [3,10,15,21,22], pharynx [8], velum [5,15], tongue [2,4,9,10,14,19,21], etc. What is as yet little known is the perceptual consequence of such coarticulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Perception of Coarticulated Emphaticness

Ali¹,

Daniloff²

1974

Phonetica

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This study answers the question whether listeners could identify the presence of an emphatic class of consonants (m, ð, s, t, k), even when tape-splicing removed, from the word, the consonant in question. The speech materials consisted of 14 pairs of meaningful Arabic words contrasted in a single consonant; these consonants were removed from both members of each word pair with their CV- or VC-transitions. The resulting truncated word stems along with a carrier phrase were spliced at random onto a tape for presentation to listeners to predict whether the missing consonants were emphatic or nonem-phatic. Results indicate that the presence of emphatic consonants can be detected; and that emphaticness coarticulated in a left-to-right fashion was detectable, as in right-to-left direction.

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Some Considerations in the Cinefluorographic Analysis of Tongue Movements during Speech

Cited by 31 publications

References 11 publications

Tongue Movements in Feeding and Speech

Tongue Movements in Feeding and Speech

Influences of pellet markers on speech production behavior: Acoustical and perceptual measures

The Perception of Coarticulated Emphaticness

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