Some compensatory mechanisms of the negro.

Lehman, Harvey C.; Witty, Paul A.

doi:10.1037/h0071722

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Other tests measuring character were also given. Bogardus (3), Graham (8), Guilford (9), and Lehman and Witty (12) have all written upon some aspect or other of the Negro's personality adjustment as it is related to his environment.…”

Section: Verner M Simsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality differences between negro and white college students, north and south.

Patrick¹,

Sims²

1934

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

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Literature shows that some investigators find race differences on some personality traits, while others find differences on other traits. None of the studies show as definite consistent differences in personality between negroes and whites as have been found in intelligence. This study reports racial and sectional differences in intelligence, as have been found by other investigators. Race differences between negroes and whites were found on only one trait, namely introversion. The white males tend more towards introversion than do the negro males. Negro males tend to be more self-sufficient and more dominant than are white males. The white women scored higher on the neurotic scale than the negro women; yet the latter indicated more dominance than the former. The whites showed more variability than the negroes.

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Section: Verner M Simsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality differences between negro and white college students, north and south.

Patrick¹,

Sims²

1934

The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology

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“…The extensive work on the play quiz is brought together in a volume by Lehman and Witty (113). They report the relation of play to intelligence, sex differences in participation, fortune telling and esthetic appreciation and race differences in interest in boxing in four articles based on the results of this questionnaire (112,114,115,116). Contrasting attitudes towards dogs and •cats are reported by Lehman (110) and the comparative influence of chronological age and mental age on play interests is discussed by Lehman and Wilkerson (111).…”

Section: Occupational Interests the Application Of Fourteen Indicator...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality and character tests.

May¹,

Hartshorne²,

Welty³

1929

Psychological Bulletin

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“…One is to ask the subject to check from a list of specific acts those he has performed within a definite time. This is exemplified by the play studies of Lehman (210) and of Lehman and Witty (104,105,118). The other is the case study method: Shaw (158), Bogardus (126), Burgess (132,133), Healy (139,140), Kreuger (143, 144), Social Forces (159), et al, found in Section IV.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Theory and measurement of attitudes and opinions.

Bain¹

1930

Psychological Bulletin

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One of the most important (and confused) subjects in the interlocking and overlapping fields of sociology and social psychology is the category of motivation. It is apparent that human movements are possible only when appropriate action-patterns exist and that these patterns must be either inherited or acquired. It is also apparent that the functioning of both human and non-human animals is largely motivated by action-patterns that seem to be products of germinal development. These patterns are present at birth or soon after, relatively stable and unmodifiable, common to the species, usually adaptive and largely unlearned. If they are relatively simple, like grasping, knee-jerking, winking, they are "reflexes"; if they are more complex like crying, suckling-swallowing, assimilating-excreting, manipulating, they are " instincts." Just how complex such responses must be to be " instincts " is undetermined and perhaps indeterminable. The safest procedure, probably, is to call them instinctive, innate, native, germinal, and let it go at that.On the other hand, it is equally obvious that most human cultural behavior is motivated by action-patterns acquired through social conditioning. It is his greater capacity for building new action-patterns that distinguishes the human animal from the non-human animal. Following Thorndike, it is customary to describe the innate type of behavior as original and the second type as acquired. Thus, while vocalizing is an original trait of man, speaking a language is an acquired trait; hunger, putting-objects-in-mouth-and-swallowing, is natural, but seeking specific foods is a culture-trait; sex activity is native, but particular love-making and marriage-family complexes are acquired action-patterns. The most significant human acquisitions are the action-patterns we call language, vocal symbolization, thinking, rt consciousness." These habits, like all other > action-patterns, are neuromuscular mechanisms. Thinking is acting; "consciousness " is movement of specific parts of the organism.

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Some compensatory mechanisms of the negro.

Cited by 4 publications

References 5 publications

Personality differences between negro and white college students, north and south.

Personality differences between negro and white college students, north and south.

Personality and character tests.

Theory and measurement of attitudes and opinions.

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