Some Characteristics of Citrus Canker Bacteria, Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dowson, and the Related Phages Isolated from Japan

Wakimoto, Satoshi

doi:10.3186/jjphytopath.33.301

Cited by 18 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…citri were evaluated after pin-prick inoculation of attached leaves with the bacterial strains as previously reported (Shiotani et al 2000). Bacterial strains were grown on Wakimoto's potato semi-synthetic medium with 1.5% agar (PSA medium) (Wakimoto 1967) at 27°C for 1 day. Bacteria were suspended in 0.85% NaCl at a concentration of 10 8 cells/ml, and a drop of the suspension was placed on an attached, mature leaf of each citrus plant.…”

Section: Inoculation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri depends on the nuclear genome of the host plant

et al. 2008

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Susceptibility to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri of a citrus cybrid, in which the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes were derived from Citrus sinensis and C. unshiu, respectively, was evaluated. Bacterial growth in the leaves of the cybrid was similar to that in C. sinensis after pin-prick inoculation throughout the experiment, whereas growth was greater than that in C. unshiu from 8 days after inoculation. Lesion expansion and pustules that later developed from the lesions on the cybrid and on C. sinensis also appeared to be greater than those on C. unshiu. The incidence of citrus canker disease caused by the bacteria on the cybrid trees was in the field was equivalent to that on C. sinensis but was severer than on C. unshiu. These results indicate that the nuclear genome of the cybrid plays a critical role in susceptibility to citrus canker disease. However, the pathogenicity gene pthA of the bacteria is not likely to be involved in the difference in susceptibility to the bacteria between C. unshiu and C. sinensis because their susceptibility to a pthA-deficient mutant of the bacteria also differs.

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Section: Inoculation Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri depends on the nuclear genome of the host plant

et al. 2008

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“…Their origins and sensitivity to Cp1 and Cp2 are listed in Table 1. Bacteriophages Cp1 and Cp2 (4,5) were obtained from the Yokohama Plant Protection Station, Japan. Strains MAFF 301080 and MAFF 673010 were used as hosts for routine propagation of Cp1 and Cp2, respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Wakimoto found that nearly all strains isolated from different regions in Japan were lysed by either Cp1 or Cp2 and that Cp1-sensitive (Cp1 s ) strains were resistant to Cp2 (Cp2 r ) and vice versa. Cp1 and Cp2 phages were morphologically different: Cp1 showed a head-tail structure, whereas Cp2 consisted of a polyhedral head without tail (4). In a larger survey, Obata found that Cp1 r /Cp2 s strains predominated in major citrus-producing regions in Japan, with the exception of Hiroshima Prefecture, where Cp1 s /Cp2 r strains predominated (5).…”

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Characterization of Bacteriophages Cp1 and Cp2, the Strain-Typing Agents for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

Ahmad

Ogawa

Kawasaki

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri, the causative agent of citrus canker, are historically classified based on bacteriophage (phage) sensitivity. Nearly all X. axonopodis pv. citri strains isolated from different regions in Japan are lysed by either phage Cp1 or Cp2; Cp1-sensitive (Cp1 s ) strains have been observed to be resistant to Cp2 (Cp2 r ) and vice versa. In this study, genomic and molecular characterization was performed for the typing agents Cp1 and Cp2. Morphologically, Cp1 belongs to the Siphoviridae. Genomic analysis revealed that its genome comprises 43,870-bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), with 10-bp 3=-extruding cohesive ends, and contains 48 open reading frames. The genomic organization was similar to that of Xanthomonas phage phiL7, but it lacked a group I intron in the DNA polymerase gene. Cp2 resembles morphologically Escherichia coli T7-like phages of Podoviridae. The 42,963-bp linear dsDNA genome of Cp2 contained terminal repeats. The Cp2 genomic sequence has 40 open reading frames, many of which did not show detectable homologs in the current databases. By proteomic analysis, a gene cluster encoding structural proteins corresponding to the class III module of T7-like phages was identified on the Cp2 genome. Therefore, Cp1 and Cp2 were found to belong to completely different virus groups. In addition, we found that Cp1 and Cp2 use different molecules on the host cell surface as phage receptors and that host selection of X. axonopodis pv. citri strains by Cp1 and Cp2 is not determined at the initial stage by binding to receptors.

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“…Asiatic canker is known to be the most devastating disease affecting citrus production and reducing local and international markets. The causative agent is a Gram-negative rod-shaped bacterium with single polar flagellum (Wakimoto, 1967) generally from Xanthomonas spp. (Vauterin et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report on Characterization of Citrus Disease Causing Bacteria and Related Phages Isolated in Pakistan

Naseem¹

2017

IJAB

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Bacteriophages that infect specific bacteria are relatively common. Specific bacteriophages are proving to be the potential alternate to conventional bactericides used to combat certain phytopathogens that are ruining economically significant fruit crops. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the citrus disease causing bacteria and associated bacteriophages analyzing their ability to impact these specific bacteria. Morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization of seed bacteria were performed and identified isolates were subjected to custom sequencing of partial 16S ribosomal DNA to understand their phylogeny. The morphological characteristics of bacterial strains were Gram-negative rods that grew as obligate aerobes on YPGA medium. Results of biochemical analysis showed that the bacterial strains were oxidase negative and catalase positive. Phage screening and isolation was done by co-culturing the phage and host bacteria. The isolated phages were characterized by plaque assay, spot assay and broth clearance of bacterial cultures. The effect of these phages on bacterial virulence was evaluated by infecting citrus leaves with bacterial strain and subsequent application of phage suspension.

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Some Characteristics of Citrus Canker Bacteria, Xanthomonas citri (Hasse) Dowson, and the Related Phages Isolated from Japan

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Susceptibility to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri depends on the nuclear genome of the host plant

Susceptibility to citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri depends on the nuclear genome of the host plant

Characterization of Bacteriophages Cp1 and Cp2, the Strain-Typing Agents for Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri

First Report on Characterization of Citrus Disease Causing Bacteria and Related Phages Isolated in Pakistan

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