Some aspects of the intraregional spatial distribution of local sector activities

Abstract

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in EconStor may AbstractThis paper focuses on the spatial distribution of economic activities that serve intraregional demand. The level of local sector activities is measured by employment per inhabitant. The basic hypothesis relates to how this proportion varies systematically over space, from high values in a central business district, through low values in suburban areas, and asymptotically approaching the average regional level as the distance from the center increases. This hypothesis is examined both analytically and through simulation experiments where the location decision of firms is assumed to reflect the net effect of agglomeration economies, economies of scale and transportation costs. We further discuss to what degree the relevant hypothesis is consistent with specific assumptions on the distribution of wages (transport cost) between consumers, and the spatial distribution of the prices on goods and services. The model formulation we propose is useful as a part of economic base modeling for predicting regional development.

Effects on Housing Prices of Urban Attraction and Labor-Market Accessibility

“…The situation is not analogous for the spatial distribution of employment; the non-cbd employment cannot in general be expected to be evenly spread in rings of employment around the cbd. Some (local sector) employment tends to be spatially distributed according to population densities, see for instance Gjestland et al (2006) for a theoretical discussion, while some employment is more concentrated to activity centers, due to agglomeration economies (see for instance Guiliano and Small 1991). Our study indicate that such irregular tendencies are adequately represented by the gravity based accessibility measure.…”

Modelling Social Welfare Effects of Relocation and Road Pricing

“…Based on Norwegian data, Gjestland et al (2006) find that the local sector density is highest in the centre of a region, at it's lowest in the areas immediately surrounding the centre and then approaching the regional average as the distance from the centre increases. If we take the example of retail, we can explain how this pattern is generated.…”

“…One approach is to assume the number of local jobs proportionate to the number of residents in each zone; however, we apply another approach which is more appropriate which results from the trade-off between travelling costs and price savings (Gjestland et al, 2006). Due to such a trade-off, the distribution for number of local sector jobs is as follows: (1) In centre, the density of local sector jobs is very high due to the low prices (2) In suburbs, the density of local sector jobs is relatively low because a high share of shopping will be pulled towards the centre since the travelling cost to centre is low and (3) In zones which are located in a long distance from the centre, the number of local sector jobs is proportional to the number of residents in the zones.…”

“…While this may be appropriate for an interregional analysis, it is less appropriate for our intraregional analysis. Instead we base our approach on Gjestland et al (2006). In this approach, the density of the local-sector (the number of jobs as a percentage of the population) is a function of the distance from the region's centre 3 .…”

Employment, Transport Infrastructure, and Rural Depopulation: A New Spatial Equilibrium Model

“…We propose an alternative approach to modelling the spatial distribution of local-sector activity based on Gjestland et al (2006). The idea is that the trip frequency to different locations will depend upon the local availability of the activity in question, and on the travel costs to each location at which the activity is available (Krizek, 2003;Handy, 1992).…”