Certification is a set of practices that includes the writing of standards, the inspection and labeling of products that meet those standards, and the accreditation and auditing of producers, inspectors, and agencies involved in certification. This entry will discuss the growth and expansion of certification and certified product consumption, and address the following points. First, certification itself is becoming more standardized under ISO (International Organization for Standardization) guideline 17065. Second, certification networks have expanded to form a global certification industry that is linked to state agencies, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and global institutions such as the World Trade Organization. Third, since certification practices impact environments and conservation organizations, these practices have become a source of contention between national and international institutions and agencies. Finally, certification practices shape the everyday lives of certified product producers such as farmers, foresters, and fishermen.